Eswatini, formerly known as Swaziland, is a small landlocked country located in Southern Africa. It is one of the last remaining absolute monarchies in the world, with King Mswati III serving as the head of state. Eswatini is known for its rich cultural heritage, including vibrant traditional ceremonies, colorful festivals, and intricate handicrafts. Despite its small size, the country boasts diverse landscapes, from the majestic mountains of the Drakensberg range to the wildlife-rich reserves such as Hlane Royal National Park and Mlilwane Wildlife Sanctuary. Eswatini faces challenges such as high HIV/AIDS prevalence and limited economic diversification, but it continues to strive for development and stability in the region.

ABOUT

Eswatini, officially known as the Kingdom of Eswatini, is a small landlocked country located in Southern Africa. Bordered by South Africa to the west and Mozambique to the east, it covers an area of approximately 17,364 square kilometers (6,704 square miles) and has a population of around 1.2 million people.

One of the most distinctive aspects of Eswatini is its political system. It is one of the last remaining absolute monarchies in the world, with King Mswati III serving as the head of state. The king holds significant power, including the authority to appoint the prime minister and the cabinet. While Eswatini has a bicameral Parliament, which consists of the Senate and the House of Assembly, its legislative powers are limited, and the king’s decisions often prevail.

Eswatini has a rich cultural heritage deeply rooted in the Swazi people’s traditions and customs. The Swazi language, siSwati, is widely spoken, and the country celebrates various cultural ceremonies and festivals throughout the year. The most famous of these is the Umhlanga or Reed Dance, a traditional ceremony where young Swazi maidens gather to pay homage to the queen mother and celebrate their virginity. Another important event is the Incwala, also known as the Kingship Ceremony, which marks the beginning of the harvest season and is accompanied by rituals and festivities.

The country’s landscapes are diverse and offer breathtaking natural beauty. The western region of Eswatini is characterized by the majestic mountains of the Drakensberg range, including the iconic Sibebe Rock, the second-largest granite monolith in the world. This area attracts hikers, rock climbers, and nature enthusiasts. In the east, the lowveld plains are home to wildlife-rich reserves such as Hlane Royal National Park and Mlilwane Wildlife Sanctuary, where visitors can observe a variety of species, including elephants, rhinos, lions, and antelopes.

Eswatini faces several challenges as it strives for development and stability. The country has a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS, and efforts to combat the epidemic and provide healthcare services remain crucial. Additionally, Eswatini’s economy heavily relies on agriculture, particularly subsistence farming, which is vulnerable to droughts and climate change. The government has been working to diversify the economy by promoting sectors like tourism and manufacturing.

Despite these challenges, Eswatini has made progress in areas such as education and conservation. The country has made significant investments in its education system, with efforts to improve access to quality education for all Swazi children. In terms of conservation, Eswatini has established protected areas and implemented initiatives to preserve its unique biodiversity.

In recent years, Eswatini has also faced socio-political unrest and demands for democratic reforms. Protests and calls for change have highlighted concerns over political freedom, human rights, and economic inequality. The government has initiated dialogues and discussions to address these issues and find a path towards greater inclusivity and democracy.

Overall, Eswatini, with its rich cultural heritage, diverse landscapes, and unique political system, continues to navigate the complexities of development and strive for progress while preserving its traditions and identity.

NAME AND ETYMOLOGY

Eswatini, officially known as the Kingdom of Eswatini, derives its name from the Swazi people, the country’s dominant ethnic group, and their language, siSwati. The term “Eswatini” translates to “Land of the Swazis” or “Swazi-land.”

The decision to change the country’s name from Swaziland to Eswatini was announced by King Mswati III on April 19, 2018, during the celebration of the country’s 50th independence anniversary. The name change was intended to reflect the country’s cultural identity and break away from its colonial past.

The word “Swazi” itself is believed to have originated from the Zulu word “emaseSwatini,” meaning “people of Swatini.” The term refers to the Swazi people, who migrated to the region centuries ago and established a kingdom that eventually became present-day Eswatini.

The history of the Swazi kingdom dates back to the 18th century when the legendary king, Sobhuza I, unified various clans and established a centralized monarchy. The kingdom expanded over time and faced periods of conflict and territorial adjustments with neighboring tribes and colonial powers. It successfully maintained its independence and resisted colonization until the late 19th century.

During the colonial era, the region was known as Swaziland, a name bestowed by the British colonial authorities. The prefix “Swazi” referred to the dominant ethnic group, while the suffix “land” indicated its status as a distinct territory. Swaziland gained independence from British rule on September 6, 1968, and retained the name until the official renaming as Eswatini in 2018.

The decision to revert to the indigenous name of Eswatini was seen as a symbolic affirmation of Swazi cultural identity and a step towards decolonization. King Mswati III justified the name change by stating that Swaziland was a colonial relic and that Eswatini better represented the country’s historical and cultural heritage.

The adoption of Eswatini as the country’s official name reflects the pride and connection to the Swazi people, their traditions, and their land. It serves as a reminder of Eswatini’s rich history, cultural diversity, and the aspirations of its population.

HISTORY

The history of Eswatini is deeply intertwined with the Swazi people, who have inhabited the region for centuries. Archaeological evidence suggests that human settlements in present-day Eswatini can be traced back as far as 200,000 years ago, with evidence of Stone Age tools and rock art found in various locations.

The Swazi people, a Bantu-speaking ethnic group, migrated to the area around the 16th century. Led by their chief, Dlamini, they settled in the region known as the Great Usutu Basin, which encompasses modern-day Eswatini and parts of South Africa. Under the leadership of Dlamini’s descendants, the Swazi kingdom began to take shape.

The 18th century saw the rise of the Swazi kingdom under the reign of Sobhuza I. He united various clans and established a centralized monarchy. Sobhuza I is revered as the founder of the Swazi nation and is considered a key figure in Swazi history. The kingdom expanded its territories through military conquests, incorporating neighboring chiefdoms and tribes.

The 19th century brought significant challenges to the Swazi kingdom. The expansion of the Zulu kingdom, led by King Shaka, threatened the Swazi’s territorial integrity. The Swazi and the Zulu engaged in territorial disputes and conflicts, with the Swazi kingdom managing to maintain its independence despite facing numerous challenges.

European influence began to impact the region during the latter half of the 19th century. British and Boer settlers arrived, seeking land and resources. In 1894, the British established a protectorate over the Swazi kingdom, resulting in the loss of some territories and limitations on Swazi sovereignty. The British presence also brought Christianity and Western education, which had a lasting impact on Swazi society.

Swaziland, as it was then known, became a British High Commission Territory in 1907 and later a British crown colony in 1963. During this time, the Swazi people and their traditional institutions continued to play a significant role in governing the country. In 1968, Swaziland gained full independence from British rule, with King Sobhuza II becoming the country’s first king.

Under Sobhuza II’s rule, Swaziland transitioned to a constitutional monarchy. However, political power remained largely centralized in the monarchy, and multi-party democracy was not fully realized. Sobhuza II’s reign lasted for over 60 years, making him one of the longest-serving monarchs in history. His passing in 1982 marked a period of mourning and transition.

King Mswati III, Sobhuza II’s son, ascended to the throne in 1986 at the age of 18. His reign has been characterized by efforts to balance tradition with modernization, as well as challenges related to governance and demands for political reform. King Mswati III’s decision to rename the country as Eswatini in 2018 was seen as a move to assert the country’s cultural identity and break away from its colonial past.

In recent years, Eswatini has faced socio-political unrest and demands for democratic reforms. Protests and calls for change have highlighted concerns over political freedom, human rights, and economic inequality. The government has initiated dialogues and discussions to address these issues and find a path towards greater inclusivity and democracy.

Despite these challenges, Eswatini has made progress in areas such as education, healthcare, and conservation. The country has made significant investments in its education system, with efforts to improve access to quality education for all Swazi children. In terms of healthcare, Eswatini faces the challenge of a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS and continues to work towards combating the epidemic and providing healthcare services. Additionally, Eswatini has established protected areas and implemented initiatives to preserve its unique biodiversity.

Today, Eswatini continues to navigate the complexities of development and strives for progress while preserving its traditions and identity. The country’s history, cultural heritage, and natural beauty play a crucial role in shaping its path forward.

GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS

Eswatini has a unique political system characterized by its monarchy and traditional governance structures. The government and politics of Eswatini have positive aspects that contribute to the country’s stability and cultural preservation.

At the heart of Eswatini’s political system is the monarchy, with King Mswati III serving as the head of state. The monarchy plays a unifying role in the country, providing a sense of continuity, identity, and cultural pride for the Swazi people. The monarchy serves as a symbol of unity, fostering a strong sense of national pride and loyalty among the population.

Eswatini’s traditional governance structures, such as the Liqoqo (Supreme Traditional Council) and the Tinkhundla system, complement the monarchy and contribute to the country’s political stability. The Liqoqo, composed of senior traditional leaders, advises the king on matters of national importance. The Tinkhundla system, a form of participatory democracy, allows citizens to elect representatives at the local and national levels. This system provides a platform for community engagement, fostering a sense of ownership and participation in decision-making processes.

The government of Eswatini has shown a commitment to providing basic services and improving the lives of its citizens. Efforts have been made to invest in education, healthcare, infrastructure, and social welfare programs. The government has prioritized access to education for all Swazi children, ensuring that they have opportunities to develop their potential and contribute to the country’s progress.

Eswatini’s commitment to conservation and environmental protection is commendable. The country has established protected areas and implemented initiatives to preserve its unique biodiversity. Efforts have been made to raise awareness about sustainable practices and promote eco-tourism, contributing to both environmental preservation and economic development.

Eswatini’s political stability and peaceful transitions of power have been positive aspects of its governance. Despite challenges and calls for political reforms, the country has maintained a relatively stable political environment, which has fostered an atmosphere of peace, security, and social cohesion.

The government has also recognized the importance of fostering international relations and partnerships. Eswatini has actively engaged with the international community, participating in regional organizations such as the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the African Union (AU). These engagements have provided opportunities for Eswatini to collaborate with other nations, share experiences, and promote economic development and regional integration.

In conclusion, Eswatini’s government and politics have positive aspects that contribute to the country’s stability, cultural preservation, and socio-economic development. The monarchy, traditional governance structures, commitment to providing basic services, conservation efforts, peaceful transitions of power, and engagement with the international community all play a role in shaping Eswatini’s political landscape. These factors contribute to a sense of national unity, pride, and progress, and provide a foundation for the country’s ongoing development.

ECONOMY

Eswatini’s economy is diverse, with agriculture, manufacturing, and services sectors playing significant roles. While the country faces challenges, such as high unemployment rates and limited economic diversification, there are positive aspects to its economy.

Agriculture is a vital sector in Eswatini, employing a significant portion of the population and contributing to both domestic consumption and exports. The main agricultural products include sugarcane, maize, citrus fruits, cotton, and livestock. The government has implemented various programs to support small-scale farmers, improve agricultural productivity, and promote sustainable farming practices.

The manufacturing sector has seen considerable growth in Eswatini, particularly in textiles, agribusiness, and the production of consumer goods. The country has attracted foreign direct investment in manufacturing, which has contributed to job creation and export opportunities. Eswatini benefits from preferential trade agreements, such as the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) with the United States, which allows duty-free exports of certain products, further stimulating the manufacturing sector.

The services sector, including tourism, financial services, and telecommunications, has also experienced growth in recent years. Eswatini’s natural beauty, cultural heritage, and wildlife attract tourists, contributing to the country’s economy. Efforts have been made to promote tourism and develop infrastructure to support the industry. The financial services sector has also shown resilience, with the establishment of a stock exchange and efforts to enhance the regulatory framework.

Eswatini has recognized the importance of economic diversification to reduce reliance on a few sectors. The government has implemented strategies and policies aimed at attracting investment, supporting entrepreneurship, and promoting sectors such as information and communication technology (ICT), renewable energy, and creative industries. These efforts seek to create new economic opportunities and foster innovation.

The government of Eswatini has also prioritized regional integration and trade partnerships. Eswatini is a member of regional economic communities, such as the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). These memberships provide access to larger markets, facilitate trade, and promote regional cooperation and economic integration.

Challenges persist in Eswatini’s economy, including high unemployment rates, income inequality, and limited access to finance for small businesses. The country also faces vulnerability to external shocks, such as fluctuations in commodity prices and climate change impacts, which can affect the agricultural sector. Efforts to address these challenges include initiatives to enhance skills development, promote entrepreneurship, and improve the business environment.

In summary, while Eswatini’s economy faces challenges, the country has shown positive aspects in various sectors. The agriculture sector, manufacturing industry, and services sector, including tourism and financial services, contribute to economic growth and employment opportunities. Efforts to diversify the economy, promote regional integration, and support entrepreneurship are steps taken to enhance economic resilience and create a sustainable and inclusive economy for the people of Eswatini.

GEOGRAPHY

Eswatini, a landlocked country located in Southern Africa, boasts diverse geography that encompasses stunning landscapes and unique features.

Situated between South Africa to the west and Mozambique to the east, Eswatini covers an area of approximately 17,364 square kilometers (6,704 square miles). The country is relatively small in size but offers a variety of geographical features.

The western region of Eswatini is characterized by the majestic mountains of the Drakensberg range. These mountains form part of the larger Drakensberg Escarpment, which stretches across several countries in Southern Africa. The highest peak in Eswatini is Emlembe, standing at an elevation of 1,862 meters (6,109 feet) above sea level. The rugged mountainous terrain provides opportunities for activities such as hiking, rock climbing, and exploring scenic trails.

In contrast to the mountainous western region, the eastern lowveld plains of Eswatini feature a flatter landscape. These plains are part of the larger Lowveld region, which stretches across several countries in Southern Africa. The lowveld is characterized by savannah grasslands, river valleys, and scattered shrubs. It is home to wildlife-rich reserves and national parks, including Hlane Royal National Park and Mlilwane Wildlife Sanctuary. Visitors can spot a variety of animals, such as elephants, rhinos, lions, giraffes, and numerous bird species, in these protected areas.

Eswatini is also known for its unique geological features. Sibebe Rock, located near the capital city of Mbabane, is the world’s second-largest granite monolith. It offers breathtaking views and is a popular destination for hikers and rock climbers.

The country’s climate varies across different regions. The western highlands experience a cooler climate due to their higher elevations, while the eastern lowveld has a warmer and more tropical climate. Eswatini has distinct wet and dry seasons, with the wet season typically occurring from October to March. During this time, the country receives most of its rainfall, which contributes to its rich biodiversity and agricultural productivity.

Water bodies in Eswatini include rivers, such as the Great Usutu River, which is the country’s largest river and forms part of its border with South Africa. There are also numerous dams and reservoirs, which provide water for irrigation, hydroelectric power generation, and recreational activities.

In summary, Eswatini’s geography encompasses a diverse range of landscapes, including mountains, plains, and unique geological features. Its varied terrain offers opportunities for outdoor activities, wildlife observation, and exploration of natural beauty. The country’s climate and water resources contribute to its rich biodiversity and agricultural productivity.

TRANSPORT

Transportation in Eswatini is facilitated through a variety of modes, including road, air, and rail. While the country has a relatively well-developed road network, improvements have been made in recent years to enhance transportation infrastructure and connectivity.

Road transportation is the primary mode of travel within Eswatini. The country has an extensive road network that connects major towns and cities, as well as rural areas. The main highways, such as the MR3 and MR3A, provide efficient links between urban centers, including the capital city of Mbabane and the commercial hub of Manzini. Eswatini has made efforts to improve road quality and safety, with ongoing road maintenance and infrastructure development projects.

Public transportation in Eswatini primarily consists of buses and minibus taxis. Buses operate on fixed routes, providing scheduled services between towns and cities. Minibus taxis, known as “khombis,” are widely used for shorter distances and provide flexible and affordable transportation options. These modes of public transport are essential for both urban and rural communities, ensuring mobility and facilitating trade and commerce.

Eswatini does not have a railway network within its borders, but it is connected to neighboring South Africa and Mozambique through rail links. The Swaziland Railway operates freight services that transport goods between the country’s main industrial areas and the ports of Maputo and Richards Bay. Additionally, passenger trains connect Eswatini to destinations such as Johannesburg in South Africa.

Air travel is facilitated through Eswatini’s main international airport, King Mswati III International Airport (formerly known as Matsapha Airport). Located near Manzini, the airport offers domestic and regional flights, connecting Eswatini to destinations such as Johannesburg and Maputo. The airport has undergone upgrades and expansion to accommodate increased passenger traffic and improve facilities.

Eswatini is also connected to the region through regional and international road links. Border crossings with South Africa and Mozambique allow for overland travel, facilitating trade and tourism. The Oshoek-Ngwenya border crossing with South Africa and the Lomahasha and Goba border posts with Mozambique are major entry and exit points.

Efforts have been made to improve transport infrastructure and connectivity in Eswatini. The government has invested in road maintenance, upgrades, and the construction of new roads. Initiatives to improve road safety, such as road signage and awareness campaigns, have also been implemented.

In recent years, Eswatini has focused on promoting sustainable transport and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Measures have been taken to introduce cleaner and more efficient public transport options, such as compressed natural gas (CNG) buses, as well as encourage the use of non-motorized transport, including walking and cycling.

Overall, while Eswatini’s transport infrastructure continues to develop, the country provides various transportation options, including roads, air travel, and rail connections to neighboring countries. These modes of transport support domestic and international travel, facilitate trade, and contribute to the country’s economic development and connectivity with the broader region.

INDUSTRY SECTORS

Eswatini’s economy features several industry sectors that contribute to the country’s development and employment. The key sectors in Eswatini include agriculture, manufacturing, services, mining, and tourism.

• Agriculture: Agriculture is a vital sector in Eswatini, employing a significant portion of the population. The main agricultural products include sugarcane, maize, citrus fruits, cotton, and livestock. Eswatini has favorable conditions for agriculture, with fertile soils and suitable climate. The sector contributes to both domestic consumption and exports, playing a crucial role in food security and rural livelihoods.
• Manufacturing: The manufacturing sector has shown considerable growth in Eswatini, particularly in textiles, agribusiness, and the production of consumer goods. The country has attracted foreign direct investment in manufacturing, which has contributed to job creation and export opportunities. Eswatini benefits from preferential trade agreements, such as the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) with the United States, allowing duty-free exports of certain products and stimulating manufacturing activities.
• Services: The services sector is an important component of Eswatini’s economy, contributing to employment and revenue generation. It includes various sub-sectors such as finance, tourism, telecommunications, and professional services. Tourism, in particular, plays a significant role in the services sector, with Eswatini’s natural beauty, cultural heritage, and wildlife attracting visitors from around the world.
• Mining: Eswatini possesses mineral resources, including coal, diamonds, and asbestos. The mining sector has the potential for growth and diversification. However, the mining industry in Eswatini is relatively small, and efforts are being made to attract investment and develop sustainable mining practices.
• Tourism: Eswatini has a growing tourism industry, leveraging its natural landscapes, cultural heritage, and wildlife. Tourists are attracted to activities such as wildlife safaris, cultural tours, and adventure sports. Efforts have been made to promote tourism, develop infrastructure, and improve services to enhance visitor experiences and increase tourism revenue.
• Renewable Energy: Eswatini has recognized the importance of renewable energy in addressing energy security and mitigating climate change. The country is exploring opportunities for renewable energy development, including solar and wind power projects. These initiatives aim to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, promote sustainable energy sources, and contribute to environmental conservation.

Efforts are being made to diversify the economy and promote sectors such as information and communication technology (ICT), creative industries, and agro-processing. These sectors offer potential for innovation, job creation, and economic growth.

The government of Eswatini has implemented policies and programs to support industry sectors, attract investment, and promote entrepreneurship. Additionally, the country benefits from preferential trade agreements, regional integration, and collaboration with international partners to enhance its industrial capabilities and market access.

While Eswatini faces challenges such as limited economic diversification and unemployment, efforts to develop industry sectors and foster a favorable business environment demonstrate the country’s commitment to economic growth, job creation, and sustainable development.

DEMOGRAPHICS

Eswatini, a landlocked country in Southern Africa, has a diverse population with various ethnic groups and languages. Here are some key demographic aspects of Eswatini:

• Population: As of the latest available data, Eswatini has an estimated population of around 1.2 million people. The population has been steadily growing, but at a relatively slow rate compared to some other countries in the region.
• Ethnic Groups: The Swazi people are the dominant ethnic group in Eswatini, comprising over 85% of the population. They are the indigenous people of the country and have their own language, siSwati. Other ethnic groups in Eswatini include Zulu, Tsonga, and others.
• Languages: siSwati is the national language of Eswatini and is widely spoken throughout the country. English is also an official language and is used in government, business, and education. Zulu and Tsonga are also spoken by some communities.
• Religion: Christianity is the predominant religion in Eswatini, with the majority of the population identifying as Christians. The Swazi people often combine Christian beliefs with traditional customs and practices. There are also smaller Muslim and Hindu communities in the country.
• Urban-Rural Divide: Eswatini has a significant rural population, with a majority of the people living in rural areas. However, urbanization is increasing, driven by economic opportunities and infrastructure development in urban centers such as Mbabane and Manzini.
• Age Structure: Eswatini has a relatively young population, with a significant proportion of the population under the age of 25. The youth demographic presents both opportunities and challenges in terms of education, employment, and social development.
• Health and Life Expectancy: Eswatini faces health challenges, with a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS being one of the major concerns. Efforts have been made to combat the epidemic, improve healthcare services, and promote public health initiatives. The life expectancy in Eswatini is lower compared to some other countries in the region, primarily due to the impact of HIV/AIDS and other health-related factors.
• Education: Education is a priority in Eswatini, with efforts to improve access to quality education for all Swazi children. The government has made investments in the education system, and primary education is free and compulsory. However, challenges remain, including limited resources and disparities in educational opportunities between rural and urban areas.

Understanding the demographics of Eswatini is essential for policymakers and stakeholders to address various social and economic issues, promote inclusivity, and ensure sustainable development for the country and its people.

EDUCATION

Education is considered a priority in Eswatini, and efforts have been made to improve access to quality education for all Swazi children. Here are some key aspects of the education system in Eswatini:

• Structure: The education system in Eswatini follows a 7-5-2 structure. It consists of seven years of primary education, five years of secondary education, and two years of higher education. Primary education is compulsory and free, while secondary education is not mandatory but widely attended.
• Access and Enrollment: The government of Eswatini has made significant strides in improving access to education. Primary education has a relatively high enrollment rate, with efforts made to ensure that children have access to schooling, especially in rural areas. However, challenges remain in terms of enrollment and retention rates at the secondary level, particularly for disadvantaged groups.
• Curriculum: The curriculum in Eswatini emphasizes a broad range of subjects, including language, mathematics, sciences, social sciences, arts, and physical education. There is also a focus on promoting cultural and traditional values, as well as preparing students for future employment and entrepreneurship.
• Teachers and Training: Teacher training and professional development programs are in place to enhance the skills and qualifications of educators. Efforts are made to recruit qualified teachers, improve teaching standards, and provide ongoing support and training to ensure quality education delivery.
• Infrastructure and Resources: Eswatini has invested in improving educational infrastructure, including the construction and renovation of schools, classrooms, and facilities. However, challenges remain, particularly in rural areas, where schools may face resource limitations, such as textbooks, technology, and adequate learning materials.
• Tertiary Education: Eswatini has a growing tertiary education sector, including universities, colleges, and vocational training institutions. The University of Eswatini (formerly the University of Swaziland) is the country’s main university, offering a range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs. Vocational training institutions aim to provide skills development and technical education to meet the demands of the labor market.
• Challenges and Priorities: Despite progress, Eswatini’s education system faces challenges. These include disparities in educational access and quality between urban and rural areas, limited resources, high student-teacher ratios, and the need for more inclusive and equitable education. Addressing these challenges and ensuring access to quality education for all remains a priority for the government.

The government of Eswatini, in collaboration with international partners, continues to work towards improving the education system, enhancing infrastructure, training teachers, and addressing issues of inclusivity and quality. Education is seen as a key driver of human capital development, economic growth, and social progress in Eswatini.

HEALTHCARE

Healthcare in Eswatini faces various challenges, but efforts have been made to improve access to healthcare services and address health issues in the country. Here are some key aspects of healthcare in Eswatini:

• Healthcare System: Eswatini has a mixed healthcare system that includes both public and private sectors. The Ministry of Health is responsible for overseeing the healthcare system and formulating health policies. The public healthcare system provides services through a network of health centers, clinics, and hospitals across the country.
• Access to Healthcare: The government has made efforts to improve access to healthcare services, particularly in rural areas. Primary healthcare services, including maternal and child health, immunization, and basic treatments, are provided at health centers and clinics. However, challenges remain in terms of access to specialized healthcare services, particularly in remote areas.
• Healthcare Workforce: Eswatini faces a shortage of healthcare professionals, including doctors, nurses, and other healthcare workers. This shortage affects the delivery of healthcare services, particularly in rural areas. Efforts have been made to increase the number of healthcare professionals through training programs and recruitment initiatives.
• HIV/AIDS: Eswatini has one of the highest HIV/AIDS prevalence rates globally, and combating the epidemic remains a significant health priority. The government has implemented comprehensive HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, and care programs, including widespread access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) initiatives. Efforts are ongoing to reduce new infections and provide support to those living with HIV/AIDS.
• Disease Control and Prevention: Eswatini faces challenges related to communicable diseases, such as tuberculosis and malaria. The government, in collaboration with international partners, has implemented strategies for disease control, prevention, and treatment. Initiatives include the distribution of mosquito nets, vaccination campaigns, and awareness programs.
• Healthcare Financing: Healthcare services in Eswatini are primarily funded through a combination of government funding, donor support, and out-of-pocket payments by individuals. The government has introduced schemes to provide financial protection and increase access to healthcare, particularly for vulnerable populations.
• Traditional Medicine: Traditional medicine plays a significant role in Eswatini’s healthcare landscape, with many people utilizing traditional healers and remedies. The government recognizes the importance of integrating traditional medicine into the healthcare system and has implemented policies to regulate and support traditional medicine practices.
• Challenges and Priorities: Eswatini faces challenges in healthcare, including limited resources, infrastructure, and human capacity. The government’s priorities include improving healthcare infrastructure, addressing the shortage of healthcare professionals, strengthening disease surveillance and control, and enhancing access to quality healthcare services, particularly in underserved areas.

The government of Eswatini, in collaboration with international partners, is committed to improving healthcare outcomes, reducing health disparities, and addressing the country’s health challenges. Efforts are underway to strengthen the healthcare system, enhance disease prevention and control, and promote overall well-being for the people of Eswatini.

CULTURE

Eswatini’s culture is rich, diverse, and deeply rooted in Swazi traditions and customs. The country’s cultural heritage is celebrated and cherished, playing a significant role in the daily lives of its people. Here are some key aspects of Eswatini’s culture:

• Language: The national language of Eswatini is siSwati, also known as Swazi, which is widely spoken throughout the country. English is also an official language and is used in government, education, and business settings.
• Traditional Ceremonies: Eswatini is known for its vibrant traditional ceremonies, which hold great importance in Swazi culture. One of the most famous ceremonies is the Umhlanga or Reed Dance, held annually in August or September. This ceremony brings together thousands of young Swazi maidens who gather to pay homage to the queen mother and celebrate their virginity. The Incwala, or Kingship Ceremony, is another significant event that marks the beginning of the harvest season and involves various rituals and festivities.
• Royal Family: The Swazi monarchy holds a central place in Eswatini’s culture and identity. King Mswati III, as the head of state, is highly respected, and the royal family is revered by the Swazi people. The monarchy plays a unifying role and symbolizes national pride and heritage.
• Music and Dance: Music and dance are integral parts of Swazi culture. Traditional songs and dances are performed during ceremonies, celebrations, and cultural events. The rhythmical beats and energetic movements showcase the country’s cultural identity and showcase the talents and creativity of Swazi artists.
• Arts and Crafts: Eswatini is known for its intricate and beautiful handicrafts. Traditional crafts such as basket weaving, woodcarving, beadwork, and pottery are highly regarded and showcase the skills and creativity of Swazi artisans. These crafts are not only an important cultural expression but also contribute to the country’s economy through tourism and trade.
• Traditional Attire: Swazi traditional attire reflects the cultural heritage of the country. Women often wear colorful and patterned fabrics called “emahiya” and accessorize with beaded jewelry. Men traditionally wear a wraparound cloth called “emahiya” or “siyinqaba” and may also wear a woven straw hat known as “litsatsi.”
• Cuisine: Swazi cuisine incorporates local ingredients and traditional cooking methods. Staple foods include maize meal, beans, and vegetables. Popular traditional dishes include “emasi” (sour milk), “sitfubi” (a dish made from maize and beans), and “phala” (a type of porridge). The traditional brewing of “umcombotsi,” a traditional beer, is also an important cultural practice.
• Respect for Elders and Community Values: Respect for elders and community values are deeply ingrained in Swazi culture. The Swazi people value communal harmony, cooperation, and a sense of belonging. Traditional societal structures, such as the extended family system and community support networks, play a crucial role in maintaining social cohesion.

Eswatini’s culture is cherished and preserved, providing a strong sense of identity and pride for the Swazi people. The cultural traditions and customs are passed down through generations, contributing to the country’s unique cultural landscape and making Eswatini a vibrant and culturally diverse nation.

NATURAL RESOURCES

Eswatini is endowed with various natural resources that contribute to its economy and development. Here are some key natural resources found in Eswatini:

• Minerals: Eswatini has mineral deposits that include coal, diamonds, gold, asbestos, and talc. Coal mining has been a significant industry in Eswatini, with coal reserves located in the southern region of the country. The mining sector, though relatively small, contributes to employment and export revenue.
• Forestry: Eswatini’s forests are valuable natural resources, providing timber, firewood, and non-timber forest products. The country has made efforts to promote sustainable forestry practices and conservation, balancing economic benefits with environmental preservation.
• Water Resources: Eswatini is blessed with abundant water resources, including rivers, dams, and underground water sources. The Great Usutu River, which traverses the country, is the largest river and a crucial water resource for agriculture and other sectors. Dams and reservoirs in Eswatini provide water for irrigation, hydroelectric power generation, and domestic use.
• Agricultural Land: The fertile soils in Eswatini support agricultural activities, making agricultural land a valuable resource. The country’s agricultural sector produces a variety of crops, including sugarcane, maize, citrus fruits, cotton, and vegetables. Livestock farming is also significant, contributing to food security and livelihoods.
• Biodiversity: Eswatini’s rich biodiversity is an important natural resource. The country is home to diverse ecosystems, including grasslands, woodlands, wetlands, and protected areas. Eswatini has implemented initiatives to conserve its unique flora and fauna, including national parks, reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries. These areas attract tourists and contribute to the tourism sector.
• Solar Energy: Eswatini’s geographic location provides ample sunshine, making solar energy a potential renewable resource. The country has been exploring solar energy projects to diversify its energy sources and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Solar power has the potential to contribute to the country’s energy security and sustainability.
• Land and Scenic Beauty: Eswatini’s natural landscapes and scenic beauty are valuable resources for tourism and recreation. The country’s mountains, valleys, wildlife reserves, and cultural heritage sites attract visitors from around the world, contributing to the tourism industry and generating revenue.

Efforts have been made to manage and utilize these natural resources sustainably, balancing economic development with environmental conservation. The government of Eswatini, in collaboration with international partners, promotes sustainable practices, protected area management, and renewable energy initiatives to preserve and harness these valuable natural resources for the benefit of the country and its people.

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

Eswatini faces several environmental issues that require attention and sustainable solutions. Here are some key environmental challenges in the country:

• Deforestation and Land Degradation: Deforestation and land degradation are significant environmental concerns in Eswatini. The expansion of agriculture, logging, and unsustainable land use practices contribute to deforestation, which leads to habitat loss, soil erosion, and decreased biodiversity. Efforts are being made to promote sustainable forestry practices, reforestation, and land management techniques to combat these issues.
• Water Scarcity: Despite having abundant water resources, Eswatini faces challenges related to water scarcity and access. Climate variability, inefficient water use, and inadequate infrastructure contribute to water stress in certain regions. Sustainable water management practices, conservation measures, and investment in water infrastructure are necessary to address water scarcity issues.
• Pollution and Waste Management: Pollution, including air and water pollution, poses environmental and health risks in Eswatini. Industrial activities, agricultural runoff, and inadequate waste management contribute to pollution levels. Strengthening environmental regulations, promoting cleaner production methods, and implementing effective waste management strategies are essential to reduce pollution and protect ecosystems and public health.
• Climate Change: Eswatini is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, including increased temperatures, erratic rainfall patterns, and extreme weather events. These changes affect agriculture, water availability, biodiversity, and public health. Adaptation measures, such as climate-resilient agriculture, water management strategies, and disaster preparedness, are important to mitigate the effects of climate change.
• Biodiversity Conservation: Eswatini’s rich biodiversity is under threat from habitat loss, poaching, and illegal wildlife trade. Conservation efforts, including protected area management, wildlife monitoring, and community engagement, are crucial to preserve the country’s unique flora and fauna.
• Energy Transition and Renewable Resources: Eswatini relies heavily on imported fossil fuels for energy, which contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and energy dependency. Transitioning towards renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, can help reduce carbon emissions and enhance energy security.
• Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security: Promoting sustainable agricultural practices, including agroecology, conservation agriculture, and improved irrigation methods, is important for enhancing food security and reducing the environmental impact of farming practices.

Addressing these environmental issues requires a multi-sectoral approach, involving government initiatives, community participation, and international cooperation. The government of Eswatini, in collaboration with international organizations and partners, has implemented various programs and policies to tackle these challenges and promote sustainable development practices, balancing economic growth with environmental conservation.

HUMAN RIGHTS

Eswatini, like any country, has made progress in promoting human rights and ensuring the well-being of its citizens. While challenges exist, there have been positive developments in advancing human rights in Eswatini. Here are some notable aspects:

• Freedom of Expression and Press: Eswatini has seen improvements in the protection of freedom of expression and press freedom. There is a growing space for independent media outlets, providing platforms for diverse voices and perspectives. The government has taken steps to facilitate dialogue and engage with civil society organizations to promote open discussions on social and political issues.
• Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment: Efforts have been made to advance gender equality and empower women in Eswatini. The country has adopted policies and legislation to promote women’s rights, including the Prevention of Domestic Violence Act and the Sexual Offences and Domestic Violence Act. Initiatives to enhance women’s access to education, economic opportunities, and leadership positions have been implemented, promoting women’s empowerment and participation in decision-making processes.
• Access to Education: Education is considered a fundamental right in Eswatini, and the government has prioritized efforts to enhance access to quality education for all. Primary education is compulsory and free, and efforts have been made to improve infrastructure, increase school enrollment rates, and reduce gender disparities in education. Scholarships and bursaries are also available to support students in pursuing higher education.
• Health Services and HIV/AIDS Response: Eswatini has made significant progress in its response to HIV/AIDS, implementing comprehensive prevention, treatment, care, and support programs. The government, in collaboration with international partners, has worked to increase access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services. Efforts to improve healthcare infrastructure and enhance healthcare services have contributed to positive health outcomes and improved quality of life.
• Efforts to Combat Child Labor: Eswatini has taken steps to address child labor and protect the rights of children. Legislation, such as the Employment Act, prohibits child labor and sets the minimum working age. The government has collaborated with organizations to raise awareness, strengthen child protection mechanisms, and provide support for vulnerable children, promoting their well-being and access to education.
• Access to Justice: Eswatini has worked towards improving access to justice and promoting the rule of law. Legal aid services have been expanded to ensure that individuals, especially those from marginalized communities, have access to legal representation and assistance. Alternative dispute resolution mechanisms have also been promoted to facilitate timely and fair resolution of disputes.

While progress has been made, challenges remain in fully realizing human rights in Eswatini. The government continues to engage with civil society organizations, international partners, and stakeholders to address these challenges and further promote and protect human rights in the country.

FOODS

Eswatini’s cuisine reflects a blend of traditional Swazi dishes and influences from neighboring countries. The country’s culinary traditions are characterized by the use of local ingredients, including grains, vegetables, meats, and dairy products. Here are some notable foods in Eswatini:

• Sishwala: Sishwala is a staple food in Eswatini made from ground maize meal (similar to a thick porridge) and is typically served with various accompaniments. It is often enjoyed with different relishes, such as meats, vegetables, and sauces.
• Emasi: Emasi is a traditional Swazi sour milk that is popular in Eswatini. It is made by fermenting cow’s milk and has a tangy taste. Emasi is often consumed as a refreshing drink or used in cooking traditional dishes.
• Sitfubi: Sitfubi is a dish made from dried and ground maize kernels, mixed with beans. It is often cooked until it forms a thick consistency and served as a main meal. Sitfubi is nutritious and provides sustenance, particularly in rural communities.
• Incwancwa: Incwancwa is a traditional Swazi dish made from finely ground peanuts. It is commonly used as a sauce or condiment to accompany various dishes, adding a rich and nutty flavor.
• Sidvudvu: Sidvudvu is a traditional Swazi dish made from dried pumpkin leaves. The leaves are cooked and seasoned with spices to create a delicious and nutritious side dish that complements other main meals.
• Marula Fruit: Marula fruit, harvested from the marula tree, is highly prized in Eswatini. The fruit is used to make a popular traditional alcoholic beverage called “marula beer” or “umcombotsi.” The ripe fruit is also enjoyed fresh, or the juice is extracted and used in cooking or making jams.
• Beef and Game Meat: Eswatini’s cuisine includes various meat dishes, with beef being a common choice. Game meat, such as venison, is also popular, particularly in rural areas where hunting is still practiced. Meat dishes are often cooked using traditional methods, such as grilling or stewing.
• Local Fruits and Vegetables: Eswatini is known for its variety of fruits and vegetables, including mangoes, avocados, bananas, and indigenous greens like imifino and tintsaba. These fresh produce items are incorporated into salads, side dishes, and snacks, providing a burst of flavor and nutritional value.

It’s important to note that Eswatini’s cuisine is diverse, and individual dishes may vary across regions and households. The country’s culinary traditions continue to be celebrated, with local ingredients and traditional cooking methods being valued and preserved.

TRAVEL DESTINATIONS

Eswatini, with its natural beauty, cultural heritage, and wildlife, offers several travel destinations that provide unique experiences for visitors. Here are some notable travel destinations in Eswatini:

• Mlilwane Wildlife Sanctuary: Located in the Ezulwini Valley, Mlilwane Wildlife Sanctuary is Eswatini’s oldest protected area. The sanctuary offers opportunities for wildlife viewing, including zebras, wildebeests, antelopes, and various bird species. Visitors can explore the park on guided walks, horseback safaris, or mountain biking trails.
• Hlane Royal National Park: Hlane Royal National Park is Eswatini’s largest protected area and is home to a diverse range of wildlife, including elephants, lions, rhinos, and giraffes. The park offers guided game drives, guided walks, and birdwatching excursions, allowing visitors to experience Eswatini’s natural wonders up close.
• Ezulwini Valley: The Ezulwini Valley, also known as the “Valley of Heaven,” is a scenic and culturally significant area in Eswatini. It is home to numerous hotels, lodges, craft markets, and cultural villages. Visitors can immerse themselves in Swazi traditions, visit craft markets for unique souvenirs, and explore the stunning landscapes of the valley.
• Malolotja Nature Reserve: Malolotja Nature Reserve is a pristine wilderness area known for its breathtaking scenery and diverse ecosystems. It features rolling hills, deep valleys, and waterfalls, making it a paradise for hikers and nature enthusiasts. Visitors can enjoy hiking trails, birdwatching, and camping in this unspoiled natural setting.
• Sibebe Rock: Sibebe Rock is the world’s second-largest granite monolith and a popular destination for outdoor enthusiasts and adventurers. Hiking to the top of Sibebe Rock offers panoramic views of the surrounding landscapes, making it a favorite spot for nature photographers and thrill-seekers.
• Mantenga Cultural Village: The Mantenga Cultural Village provides visitors with an opportunity to learn about Swazi culture and traditions. Visitors can witness traditional dances, participate in craft workshops, and explore the village to gain insights into Swazi history and heritage.
• Ngwenya Glass: Ngwenya Glass is a renowned glassblowing factory and craft center. Visitors can witness the skilled artisans creating beautiful glassware and browse through a wide range of handcrafted glass products. The center also has a gallery and a coffee shop where visitors can relax and appreciate the artistry.
• Maguga Dam: Maguga Dam, located on the Komati River, offers a picturesque setting for outdoor activities and relaxation. The dam is surrounded by scenic landscapes and provides opportunities for boating, fishing, and picnicking.

These travel destinations in Eswatini showcase the country’s natural wonders, cultural heritage, and wildlife, offering visitors a chance to experience the unique charm and beauty of the kingdom.

CELEBRITIES

Eswatini has produced several notable individuals who have achieved recognition in various fields. Here are a few well-known personalities from Eswatini:

• King Mswati III: King Mswati III is the current reigning monarch of Eswatini. As the head of state, he plays a significant role in the country’s affairs and is highly respected by the Swazi people.
• Ntfonjeni, “The Eswatini Cows”: The group known as “The Eswatini Cows” gained international attention for their impressive performances in the traditional Sibhaca dance. They have showcased Swazi cultural dance and music in various countries and cultural festivals.
• Sibongile Khumalo: Sibongile Khumalo was a renowned South African jazz and opera singer of Swazi descent. She achieved international recognition for her powerful vocal performances and contributions to the music industry. Khumalo was known for blending African and Western musical influences in her work.
• Bheki Mseleku: Bheki Mseleku was a highly regarded jazz musician and pianist from Eswatini. He gained recognition for his unique style that fused jazz with traditional African rhythms. Mseleku collaborated with prominent musicians and released several acclaimed albums before his passing.
• Siphiwe Tshabalala: Siphiwe Tshabalala is a professional football player who was born in Eswatini and later became a naturalized South African. He played for the South African national team and is best known for scoring the opening goal of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, which was hosted by South Africa.

These individuals have made significant contributions to their respective fields and have brought recognition to Eswatini both locally and internationally. They serve as inspirations and symbols of achievement for the people of Eswatini.

NEWSPAPERS

Eswatini has a few prominent newspapers that provide news coverage and information on various topics. Here are some notable newspapers in Eswatini:

• Swazi Observer: The Swazi Observer is one of the largest and oldest newspapers in Eswatini. It covers a wide range of topics, including news, politics, business, sports, entertainment, and more. The newspaper is available in both print and online formats.
• Times of Eswatini: The Times of Eswatini is another well-established newspaper in the country. It offers comprehensive coverage of local and international news, along with features, opinion pieces, and sports updates. The Times of Eswatini is available in print and online editions.
• Eswatini News: Eswatini News is an independent newspaper that provides news and analysis on current events in Eswatini. It covers a range of topics, including politics, economics, social issues, and culture. The newspaper is available in print and online formats.
• Eswatini Observer: The Eswatini Observer is a weekly newspaper that focuses on current affairs, business news, and feature articles. It offers a mix of local and international news coverage and is available in print and online versions.
• Sunday Observer: The Sunday Observer is a weekly newspaper that provides in-depth coverage of news, features, lifestyle, and entertainment. It is published on Sundays and offers a comprehensive look at various topics of interest to readers.

These newspapers play an important role in keeping the public informed about local, regional, and international news, as well as providing platforms for discussions and debates on various issues. It’s worth noting that the media landscape in Eswatini is evolving, with online news portals and social media platforms also becoming popular sources of news and information.

TV CHANNELS

Eswatini has several television channels that offer a range of programming, including news, entertainment, sports, and cultural content. Here are some notable TV channels in Eswatini:

• Eswatini Television (Eswatini TV): Eswatini TV is the national television broadcaster in the country. It provides a mix of news, current affairs, entertainment, educational, and cultural programming. Eswatini TV offers both local and international content, catering to a wide audience.
• Eswatini Broadcasting and Information Services (EBIS): EBIS operates multiple channels, including Eswatini TV, as well as radio stations. The channels under EBIS offer a variety of content, including news, documentaries, entertainment, and educational programs.
• Channel S: Channel S is a privately owned television channel in Eswatini. It offers a range of programming, including news, talk shows, entertainment, and sports. Channel S aims to provide a platform for diverse voices and perspectives.
• Swazi TV: Swazi TV is another privately owned television channel that offers a mix of local and international content. It features news, entertainment, music, and cultural programs, showcasing the rich heritage of Eswatini.
• Family TV: Family TV is a religious television channel that focuses on Christian programming. It offers sermons, religious teachings, music, and inspirational content.

These TV channels provide a variety of programming options, catering to different interests and preferences. It’s worth noting that the media landscape in Eswatini is evolving, and with the advent of digital platforms and streaming services, there is an increasing availability of international channels and content to viewers in Eswatini.

RADIO

Eswatini has a vibrant radio landscape with a diverse range of stations that cater to different interests and audiences. Here are some notable radio stations in Eswatini:

• Eswatini Broadcasting and Information Services (EBIS) Radio: EBIS operates multiple radio stations, including Eswatini Radio 1 and Eswatini Radio 2. These stations offer a mix of news, current affairs, entertainment, music, and cultural programs in multiple languages, including siSwati and English.
• Voice of the Church (VOC): VOC is a religious radio station that broadcasts Christian programming, including sermons, devotional messages, hymns, and religious discussions. It aims to provide spiritual guidance and inspiration to its listeners.
• Ligwalagwala FM: Ligwalagwala FM is a popular radio station that primarily broadcasts in siSwati. It offers a mix of music, news, talk shows, and cultural programs, reflecting the interests and tastes of the local population.
• Eswatini Urban Radio (EURA): EURA is an urban contemporary radio station that plays a variety of music genres, including hip-hop, R&B, pop, and African hits. It also features entertainment news, celebrity interviews, and interactive talk shows.
• Channel E Radio: Channel E Radio is an entertainment-focused radio station that features a mix of music, celebrity interviews, and pop culture discussions. It plays a range of genres, including local and international music.
• TWR Eswatini: TWR Eswatini is a Christian radio station that broadcasts religious programs, Bible teachings, and inspirational content in multiple languages. It aims to spread the message of Christianity and provide spiritual nourishment to listeners.

These radio stations provide a platform for information, entertainment, and cultural expression, connecting with the local community and promoting diverse voices and perspectives. Radio remains a popular medium in Eswatini, offering a wide range of programming choices to cater to the interests and preferences of listeners.

FACTS

Here are some interesting facts about Eswatini:

• Eswatini, officially known as the Kingdom of Eswatini, is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa.
• It is one of the last remaining absolute monarchies in the world, with King Mswati III serving as the head of state.
• The country gained independence from British colonial rule in 1968 and was formerly known as Swaziland until it was officially renamed Eswatini in 2018.
• Eswatini is one of the smallest countries in Africa, with a total land area of approximately 17,364 square kilometers (6,704 square miles).
• It is bordered by South Africa to the west and Mozambique to the east.
• Eswatini is known for its rich cultural heritage, and traditional Swazi customs and practices are deeply rooted in society.
• The official languages of Eswatini are siSwati and English. SiSwati is widely spoken by the majority of the population.
• Eswatini has a population of around 1.2 million people as of the latest estimates.
• The country has a diverse landscape, featuring mountains, valleys, grasslands, and wildlife reserves.
• Mlilwane Wildlife Sanctuary is the oldest protected area in Eswatini and is home to various animals, including zebras, wildebeests, and antelopes.
• Hlane Royal National Park is another important wildlife reserve in Eswatini, known for its population of elephants, lions, rhinos, and giraffes.
• Eswatini has a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS, and efforts have been made to combat the epidemic through prevention, treatment, and awareness campaigns.
• The country follows a dual legal system, combining both customary law and Roman-Dutch law.
• Eswatini has a developing economy, with agriculture being a significant sector. Key agricultural products include sugarcane, maize, citrus fruits, cotton, and timber.
• The country has limited natural resources, but there are small-scale mining operations for coal, diamonds, gold, and talc.
• Tourism is an important industry in Eswatini, with visitors attracted to its natural beauty, cultural heritage, and wildlife.
• Eswatini celebrates the annual Reed Dance ceremony, known as Umhlanga, where thousands of young Swazi maidens gather to honor the queen mother and showcase their cultural pride.
• Swaziland Railway operates the railway system in Eswatini, connecting the country to South Africa and Mozambique.
• Eswatini has a high literacy rate, with efforts made to improve access to education and promote primary education for all children.
• The country has produced notable musicians and artists who have achieved recognition both locally and internationally.
• Eswatini is a member of the United Nations (UN), the African Union (AU), and the Southern African Development Community (SADC).
• The national dish of Eswatini is sishwala, a thick maize porridge often served with various relishes.
• Eswatini is known for its vibrant traditional arts and crafts, including basket weaving, wood carving, and beadwork.
• The currency of Eswatini is the lilangeni (SZL), which is pegged to the South African rand.
• The country has a varied climate, with cooler temperatures in the highland areas and hotter temperatures in the lowlands.
• Eswatini is home to the Sibebe Rock, the world’s second-largest granite monolith.
• The national animal of Eswatini is the lion, which is an important symbol in Swazi culture.
• The Swazi people are known for their warm hospitality and strong sense of community.
• Eswatini has a rich oral storytelling tradition, with legends and folktales passed down through generations.
• The annual Swaziland International Trade Fair is a major event in Eswatini, showcasing local businesses, products, and innovations.

These facts provide a glimpse into the unique characteristics and cultural heritage of Eswatini.