Pakistan is a South Asian country with a population of over 220 million people. It is known for its diverse landscapes, ranging from the Himalayan mountains to the coastal areas along the Arabian Sea. Pakistan shares borders with India, Afghanistan, Iran, and China. The country gained independence from British rule in 1947, and since then has faced various political and economic challenges. Despite these challenges, Pakistan has a rich cultural heritage and is home to a variety of languages, ethnicities, and religions. The country’s economy is largely based on agriculture, textiles, and manufacturing. Islam is the dominant religion in Pakistan, and the country is home to many important Islamic historical and cultural sites.

ABOUT

Pakistan, officially known as the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia with a population of nearly 243 million people, making it the world’s fifth-most populous country. It has the second-largest Muslim population in the world after Indonesia. The country’s capital is Islamabad, while Karachi is its largest city and financial center, followed by Lahore and Faisalabad. Pakistan is the 33rd-largest country in the world, spanning 881,913 square kilometers and has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south, and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest, and China to the northeast.

The region now known as Pakistan has a rich history dating back to ancient times. It has been the site of several ancient cultures, including the Indus Valley civilization, the most extensive of the civilisations of the Afro-Eurasia, and the ancient Gandhara civilisation. The modern state of Pakistan was the realm of multiple empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid, the Maurya, the Kushan, the Gupta, the Umayyad Caliphate, the Samma, the Hindu Shahis, the Shah Miris, the Ghaznavids, the Delhi Sultanate, the Mughals, and the British Raj from 1858 to 1947.

Pakistan gained independence in 1947 after the Partition of the British Indian Empire, which awarded separate statehood to its Muslim-majority regions and was accompanied by an unparalleled mass migration and loss of life. The country initially became a Dominion of the British Commonwealth and later declared itself an Islamic republic in 1956. Pakistan has been ruled by governments whose descriptions, although complex, commonly alternated between civilian and military, democratic and authoritarian, relatively secular and Islamist.

Pakistan is a middle power nation with the world’s sixth-largest standing armed forces. It is a declared nuclear-weapons state and is ranked amongst the emerging and growth-leading economies, with a large and rapidly-growing middle class. Pakistan’s political history since independence has been characterized by periods of significant economic and military growth as well as those of political and economic instability. It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country, with similarly diverse geography and wildlife. Pakistan is a member of various international organizations, including the United Nations, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the Commonwealth of Nations, the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, and the Islamic Military Counter-Terrorism Coalition, and is designated as a major non-NATO ally by the United States.

NAME AND ETYMOLOGY

The name “Pakistan” is a combination of two Persian words, “Pāk” meaning “pure” or “clean” and “stān” meaning “land” or “place of”. The name was coined in 1933 by Choudhary Rahmat Ali, a Pakistani nationalist who was a student at the University of Cambridge in England. Ali published a pamphlet titled “Now or Never” in which he proposed the idea of a separate Muslim state in South Asia, which he called “Pakistan”. The word “Pakistan” was officially adopted as the name of the country in 1947 when Pakistan gained independence from British colonial rule.

The name Pakistan was intended to represent the Muslim-majority areas in South Asia and to differentiate them from the Hindu-majority areas. The letters of the word “Pakistan” also represent the different regions that make up the country: “P” for Punjab, “A” for Afghania (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), “K” for Kashmir, “S” for Sindh, and “TAN” for Balochistan.

Pakistan’s name has been a subject of controversy, with some arguing that it does not accurately represent the diverse population and cultures of the country. However, the name has become an integral part of Pakistan’s identity and is widely accepted both within the country and internationally.

HISTORY

GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS

Pakistan is a federal parliamentary republic with a democratically-elected government. The country’s constitution provides for a President, who serves as the head of state, and a Prime Minister, who is the head of government. The President is elected by an electoral college comprising members of the Senate, National Assembly, and the provincial assemblies. The Prime Minister is selected by the National Assembly, which is the lower house of the Parliament.

In recent years, Pakistan has made significant progress towards strengthening its democratic institutions and processes. The country has held several free and fair elections, including the landmark 2018 general elections, which marked the second consecutive democratic transition of power. The peaceful transfer of power from one elected government to another is a testament to Pakistan’s commitment to democracy.

The Parliament of Pakistan consists of two houses: the Senate and the National Assembly. The Senate represents the provinces and is a permanent legislative body, while the National Assembly represents the people and is elected for a five-year term. The Parliament has the power to legislate on all matters included in the federal legislative list, as well as on subjects in the concurrent legislative list, which are shared with the provinces.

Pakistan’s judiciary is independent and has played an increasingly prominent role in ensuring the rule of law in the country. The Supreme Court of Pakistan is the highest judicial authority and has been instrumental in upholding the constitution and protecting citizens’ rights. The court has taken bold steps to tackle corruption and to ensure accountability among elected officials and public servants.

Pakistan’s foreign policy is focused on promoting peace and stability in the region and fostering economic cooperation with its neighbors and the broader international community. The country has played a vital role in regional and global security efforts and has made significant contributions to United Nations peacekeeping missions.

Overall, Pakistan’s government and politics have made considerable progress in recent years towards strengthening democratic institutions, promoting good governance, and ensuring accountability. The country’s commitment to democracy, rule of law, and regional peace and stability is commendable, and there is a growing sense of optimism about Pakistan’s future.

ECONOMY

Pakistan has a developing economy that is the 23rd largest in the world by purchasing power parity (PPP). The economy is primarily agrarian, with agriculture accounting for around 20% of the GDP and employing nearly half of the workforce. Pakistan’s industrial sector, including textiles, cement, and steel production, accounts for around 25% of GDP, while the services sector accounts for around 57% of GDP.

Pakistan’s economy has shown steady growth in recent years, with an average annual growth rate of around 5.4% from 2010-2019. However, the COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns have had a significant impact on the economy, resulting in a contraction of around 0.5% in 2020.

Pakistan has a large and rapidly-growing middle class, and a significant portion of the population is engaged in entrepreneurship and small business. The country has made efforts to improve its business climate, with initiatives such as the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which aims to connect Pakistan to China’s One Belt One Road initiative and boost investment in infrastructure and energy projects.

Pakistan’s main exports include textiles, leather goods, rice, fruits, and sports goods, while its main imports include petroleum, machinery, chemicals, and food. The country has trade relationships with a number of countries, including China, the United States, and the United Arab Emirates.

Despite its economic potential, Pakistan faces a number of challenges, including poverty, high inflation, a large informal economy, and a weak tax base. The government has undertaken a number of reforms aimed at addressing these issues, such as expanding the tax base and improving infrastructure. Additionally, Pakistan is a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and has signed several free trade agreements, which have helped to increase trade and investment in the country.

GEOGRAPHY

Pakistan is a country located in South Asia and shares its borders with India to the east, Afghanistan and Iran to the west, China to the north, and the Arabian Sea to the south. Pakistan is the world’s 33rd largest country by area, covering a total land area of 881,913 square kilometers (340,509 square miles).

Pakistan is a country of contrasts, with a variety of landscapes ranging from the sandy beaches of the Arabian Sea to the snow-capped peaks of the Himalayas. The country can be divided into four main geographic regions: the northern mountainous region, the western plateau, the Indus River plain, and the coastal region.

The northern mountainous region is located in the northern part of the country and includes the Himalayan and Karakoram mountain ranges. The highest peak in the country, K2, is located in this region. The western plateau is located in the west of the country and is a high, arid, and rocky region that includes the Balochistan Plateau and the Sulaiman and Kirthar mountain ranges.

The Indus River plain is the most fertile region in Pakistan and is located in the east of the country. The Indus River, which is one of the longest rivers in the world, flows through this region and provides water for agriculture. The coastal region is located in the south of the country and is a narrow strip of land that runs along the Arabian Sea.

Pakistan is also home to a number of important wetlands, including the Indus River Delta, the Hingol River Delta, and the Kirthar National Park. The country’s climate ranges from arid in the west to humid in the east, with the monsoon season lasting from June to September.

In addition to its varied geography, Pakistan is also rich in natural resources, including coal, natural gas, oil, and minerals such as copper, gold, and iron ore. However, environmental degradation, deforestation, and water scarcity are major challenges faced by the country.

Overall, the geography of Pakistan plays a significant role in shaping the country’s economy, culture, and society.

TRANSPORT

Transportation in Pakistan is diverse and includes various modes such as road, rail, air, and sea transport. The country’s transportation infrastructure has been developed over time, with ongoing improvements and upgrades.

Road transport is the most common mode of transportation in Pakistan. The country has an extensive road network that spans over 260,000 kilometers, connecting major cities, towns, and villages. National Highways and Motorways are the backbone of the road network, which has improved significantly in recent years. The Motorway network is being expanded and upgraded, with new projects underway to connect major cities and economic zones.

Rail transport is another important mode of transportation in Pakistan, with a network of over 7,000 kilometers. Pakistan Railways operates passenger and freight services across the country, connecting major cities and towns. The railway system is being modernized, with new locomotives, coaches, and tracks being introduced to improve the speed and safety of services.

Air transport is rapidly growing in Pakistan, with several domestic and international airlines operating in the country. Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) is the national carrier, with a network of domestic and international routes. The country has several international airports, including Jinnah International Airport in Karachi, Allama Iqbal International Airport in Lahore, and Islamabad International Airport.

Sea transport is limited in Pakistan, with only one major port, the Port of Karachi, which handles a significant portion of the country’s trade. The government is investing in upgrading the port facilities and developing a new deep-sea port at Gwadar in Balochistan, which will be a key link in the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) project.

Overall, the transportation sector in Pakistan is undergoing significant development and modernization, with new projects and initiatives aimed at improving connectivity and facilitating trade and economic growth.

INDUSTRY SECTORS

The industry sectors in Pakistan are diverse and include textiles, food processing, pharmaceuticals, construction materials, cement, fertilizers, steel, and energy.

The textile industry is one of the largest contributors to Pakistan’s economy, accounting for a significant portion of the country’s exports. Pakistan is the fourth-largest cotton producer in the world, making cotton-based textiles a major industry sector. The food processing industry is also a significant contributor, with a focus on rice, wheat, sugar, and meat products.

Pharmaceuticals have been a growing industry in Pakistan, with the domestic market demand increasing as the country’s population grows and ages. The construction materials industry includes the production of bricks, tiles, and ceramics. The cement industry has been growing, with major companies expanding their production capacity to meet the growing demand for construction.

The fertilizer industry is another important sector in Pakistan, given the country’s agriculture-based economy. The steel industry has seen significant growth in recent years, with the production of steel expanding to meet the demand from the construction and automotive sectors.

The energy sector in Pakistan is also a critical industry, with a focus on oil and gas exploration, as well as the development of renewable energy sources. The country has been investing in the development of renewable energy, with a particular focus on wind and solar power.

Overall, Pakistan’s industry sectors are diverse, with a focus on textiles, food processing, and energy. The country has been investing in the development of these industries, with the government providing incentives and support to encourage growth and development.

DEMOGRAPHICS

Pakistan is the world’s fifth-most populous country, with an estimated population of almost 243 million people in 2021. The country has a relatively young population, with around 64% of the population under the age of 30.

Pakistan is a diverse country, with various ethnic and linguistic groups. Punjabis make up the largest ethnic group, accounting for around 44% of the population, while Pashtuns and Sindhis account for around 15% and 14% respectively. Other significant ethnic groups include Saraikis, Muhajirs, Balochis, and Kashmiris.

The official language of Pakistan is Urdu, but several other languages are also spoken, including Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto, Balochi, Saraiki, and English.

Pakistan is a predominantly Muslim country, with over 96% of the population being Muslims. The majority of Muslims in Pakistan are Sunni, while around 20% are Shia. Other religions practiced in Pakistan include Christianity, Hinduism, and Sikhism.

Pakistan has a relatively low literacy rate, with an estimated 62.3% of the population being literate. However, the country has made significant progress in recent years in increasing access to education, and the government has launched several initiatives to improve the quality of education.

Pakistan also has a high rate of urbanization, with around 36% of the population living in urban areas. The largest cities in Pakistan include Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, and Multan.

EDUCATION

Pakistan’s education system has gone through significant changes in recent years. Education is considered a fundamental right for every citizen of Pakistan, and the government has taken several steps to ensure access to education for all. The literacy rate in Pakistan is around 60%, with the male literacy rate at 70% and the female literacy rate at 49%.

The education system in Pakistan is divided into four levels: primary, middle, secondary, and tertiary education. Primary education is compulsory and free in Pakistan, but despite this, many children do not attend school due to poverty, cultural norms, and lack of access to schools, particularly in rural areas. The education system in Pakistan is largely influenced by the British colonial system, and the language of instruction is primarily Urdu and English.

There are many public and private educational institutions in Pakistan, including schools, colleges, and universities. The higher education sector in Pakistan has grown significantly in recent years, with an increasing number of universities offering degree programs in various fields, including science, engineering, medicine, business, and social sciences. Some of the top universities in Pakistan include the National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Quaid-i-Azam University, and Aga Khan University.

However, there are still challenges in the education sector in Pakistan, including inadequate infrastructure, lack of trained teachers, gender disparities, and low quality of education. The government has taken several steps to address these issues, including increasing funding for education, improving teacher training programs, and promoting girls’ education through various initiatives. Despite these efforts, there is still much to be done to improve the education system in Pakistan and provide access to quality education for all.

HEALTHCARE

Healthcare in Pakistan is a major concern due to a range of factors such as inadequate funding, lack of resources, and poor infrastructure. Despite these challenges, the government has taken measures to improve healthcare services across the country.

The healthcare system in Pakistan is divided into two sectors: public and private. The public sector provides healthcare services through government-run hospitals and clinics, while the private sector includes both for-profit and non-profit organizations.

The government has made efforts to improve healthcare in the country by increasing funding, expanding healthcare facilities, and introducing health insurance programs. In recent years, the government has launched several initiatives such as the Prime Minister’s National Health Program and the Health Emergency Response Unit to improve access to healthcare services, particularly in rural areas.

Despite these efforts, there are still significant challenges in the healthcare sector, particularly in terms of access to quality healthcare. Many rural areas lack access to basic healthcare facilities, and there is a shortage of healthcare professionals in the country.

There are also significant disparities in healthcare outcomes between different regions and income groups. Infant mortality rates and maternal mortality rates remain high, particularly in rural areas. Non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are also on the rise, highlighting the need for preventive measures and better management of chronic conditions.

Overall, while there are challenges in the healthcare sector in Pakistan, the government and various organizations are working to improve access to quality healthcare services across the country.

CULTURE

Pakistan has a rich and diverse culture, reflecting its long history and diverse ethnic and linguistic groups. The country’s culture is heavily influenced by its Islamic heritage, as well as by the traditions of the Indus Valley civilization, which dates back to 2500 BCE.

One of the most significant aspects of Pakistani culture is its cuisine, which is renowned for its rich flavors and spices. Pakistani cuisine is characterized by a variety of dishes, including biryani, kebabs, curries, and tandoori dishes. The country is also famous for its sweets, such as gulab jamun and jalebi.

Music is another important aspect of Pakistani culture, with a rich tradition of classical, folk, and popular music. The country’s classical music has its roots in the Mughal era and is characterized by intricate melodies and rhythms. Pakistan is also famous for its Qawwali music, which is a form of devotional music that is associated with the Sufi tradition.

The arts are also an integral part of Pakistani culture, with a long tradition of literature, poetry, and visual arts. The country’s literature has its roots in Persian and Urdu, with famous poets such as Mirza Ghalib and Allama Iqbal. The visual arts include calligraphy, miniature painting, and sculpture, with influences from Islamic and Mughal art.

Sports are also an important part of Pakistani culture, with cricket being the most popular sport in the country. The country has a rich tradition in the sport, having won the Cricket World Cup in 1992. Other popular sports include field hockey, squash, and football.

Pakistan is a conservative society, and Islamic values play an important role in shaping its culture. Family and community are highly valued, and there are strong social and gender norms that govern behavior. Despite this, there is a growing youth culture that is influenced by Western trends, particularly in urban areas.

NATURAL RESOURCES

Pakistan is rich in natural resources. The country has significant reserves of coal, natural gas, oil, copper, gold, and many other minerals. The agricultural sector is also a major contributor to the economy, with vast areas of arable land and a favorable climate for crop cultivation.

Pakistan has a large coal reserve, which is mainly located in the Thar Desert. The Thar coalfield is estimated to have around 175 billion tons of coal reserves, making it one of the largest in the world. Pakistan also has significant natural gas reserves, with the Sui gas field being the largest in the country. The country also has significant oil reserves, mainly located in Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces.

Pakistan has a significant amount of minerals, including copper, gold, silver, iron ore, lead, and zinc. The country has the world’s second-largest salt mine, the Khewra Salt Mine, which is a major source of salt production in the country. Pakistan also has significant reserves of precious and semi-precious stones, including emeralds, rubies, and sapphires.

Agriculture is a significant contributor to Pakistan’s economy, and the country has vast areas of arable land. The country is the world’s fifth-largest producer of cotton, with cotton being one of the country’s major cash crops. Other crops grown in the country include wheat, rice, sugarcane, maize, and fruits.

Pakistan is also home to a variety of wildlife, including snow leopards, markhor, Asiatic black bears, and Indus river dolphins. The country has several national parks and wildlife sanctuaries that are home to these and many other species. Additionally, the country has significant forestry resources, with forests covering around 4.8% of the country’s land area. The forests are mainly located in the northern regions of the country and are a valuable source of timber and other forest products.

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

Pakistan faces a range of environmental issues that are posing significant challenges to the country’s natural resources and public health. One of the most pressing environmental issues in Pakistan is air pollution, which is caused by a combination of factors, including industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, and the burning of agricultural waste. This has resulted in high levels of particulate matter in the air, which is contributing to respiratory illnesses and other health problems.

Another major environmental challenge in Pakistan is water scarcity and contamination. The country is facing a severe water crisis, with many areas experiencing acute shortages of water, particularly in the summer months. In addition to water scarcity, much of the country’s water resources are polluted due to industrial and agricultural runoff, as well as inadequate wastewater treatment.

Deforestation is also a significant environmental issue in Pakistan, with large areas of forest being cleared for agriculture and development. This has contributed to soil erosion, increased carbon emissions, and loss of biodiversity. Climate change is exacerbating many of these environmental problems, including water scarcity, drought, and flooding.

Pakistan has taken steps to address these environmental issues, including implementing policies to reduce air pollution, improving water management and conservation efforts, and increasing forest cover through reforestation programs. However, there is still much work to be done to protect the country’s natural resources and ensure a healthy environment for future generations.

HUMAN RIGHTS

Pakistan has made progress in protecting and promoting human rights in recent years, although there are still areas of concern. The Constitution of Pakistan guarantees a range of fundamental human rights, including freedom of speech, assembly, and religion, as well as the right to a fair trial and the prohibition of torture.

In recent years, the government has taken steps to improve human rights in several areas, such as criminal justice reform, eliminating child labor, and promoting gender equality. For example, in 2018, the government introduced legislation that criminalized child marriage, which had been a widespread practice in certain areas of the country.

Pakistan has also taken steps to promote women’s rights, including passing laws to protect women from domestic violence and sexual harassment, and increasing the number of women in government and politics. The country has made progress in improving access to education, including for girls, and reducing infant and maternal mortality rates.

However, there are still significant human rights challenges in Pakistan. Religious minorities, such as Christians and Hindus, face discrimination and violence, and blasphemy laws have been used to target individuals based on their religious beliefs. There are also concerns about the treatment of prisoners, including reports of torture and abuse, and the use of extrajudicial killings by security forces.

Freedom of the press is also an area of concern in Pakistan, with journalists facing threats, harassment, and violence for reporting on sensitive issues. Human rights defenders and civil society activists have also been targeted for their work, and there are concerns about restrictions on freedom of expression and access to information online.

Overall, while Pakistan has made progress in protecting and promoting human rights, there is still work to be done to address ongoing challenges and ensure that all individuals are able to enjoy their fundamental rights and freedoms. The government must continue to take steps to address these issues and uphold its obligations under international human rights law.

FOODS

Pakistan has a rich and diverse culinary tradition that reflects its geography, history, and cultural influences. Here are some of the most popular foods of Pakistan:

• Biryani: A rice-based dish made with meat or vegetables, flavored with spices such as saffron and cumin.
• Kebabs: Grilled or skewered meat dishes, often made with beef, lamb, or chicken and seasoned with spices such as cumin, coriander, and ginger.
• Nihari: A slow-cooked meat stew made with beef or lamb, served with bread.
• Haleem: A hearty porridge-like dish made with wheat, lentils, and meat, often served during Ramadan.
• Chapati/Roti: A type of flatbread made from whole wheat flour, often served with curries or used as a wrap.
• Samosas: A popular snack food made with a crispy pastry shell filled with spiced potatoes or minced meat.
• Pakoras: A deep-fried snack made with a batter of chickpea flour and various vegetables such as onion, potato, or cauliflower.
• Lassi: A yogurt-based drink often flavored with fruit or spices such as cardamom and saffron.
• Chai: A spiced tea drink made with black tea, milk, and various spices such as cardamom, cinnamon, and ginger.
• Kulfi: A frozen dessert similar to ice cream, but denser and often flavored with saffron, rosewater, or pistachios.

These are just a few examples of the delicious and varied foods of Pakistan, which draw upon influences from South Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East to create a unique and flavorful cuisine.

TRAVEL DESTINATIONS

Pakistan is a country with diverse landscapes and cultures, offering a range of travel destinations for both domestic and international tourists. Some of the popular travel destinations in Pakistan are:

• Lahore: Known as the cultural hub of Pakistan, Lahore is a city with a rich history and a vibrant food and art scene.
• Karachi: The largest city in Pakistan, Karachi is known for its beaches, parks, and historical landmarks.
• Islamabad: The capital city of Pakistan, Islamabad is a modern city with scenic views and a peaceful atmosphere.
• Hunza Valley: Located in the northern region of Pakistan, the Hunza Valley is a picturesque mountainous area with beautiful natural scenery and a rich cultural heritage.
• Swat Valley: Another popular tourist destination in northern Pakistan, the Swat Valley is known for its scenic beauty, historic sites, and adventure sports.
• Gilgit-Baltistan: A region in northern Pakistan known for its breathtaking landscapes and mountain ranges, including the famous Karakoram Highway.
• Neelum Valley: Located in Azad Kashmir, the Neelum Valley is a beautiful and serene area with waterfalls, lakes, and lush greenery.
• Chitral: A district in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Chitral is a popular destination for adventure seekers and nature lovers, offering trekking and mountaineering opportunities.
• Makran Coast: Located in Balochistan, the Makran Coast is a scenic coastline with beautiful beaches, fishing villages, and historical sites.
• Murree: A popular hill station near Islamabad, Murree is known for its scenic beauty and cool weather.
• Ziarat: A town in Balochistan, Ziarat is known for its beautiful natural scenery and the famous Quaid-e-Azam Residency, where Pakistan’s founder lived during his last days.
• Mohenjo-Daro: An ancient city in Sindh, Mohenjo-Daro is a UNESCO World Heritage site known for its well-preserved ruins and historical significance.
• Taxila: Another UNESCO World Heritage site, Taxila is an ancient city and center of learning located near Islamabad.
• Thar Desert: Located in Sindh and parts of Punjab, the Thar Desert is a unique destination with sand dunes, wildlife, and traditional desert communities.
• Shandur Pass: A high mountain pass connecting Chitral with Gilgit, Shandur Pass is known for its annual polo tournament and breathtaking views.
• Khyber Pass: A historic mountain pass connecting Pakistan with Afghanistan, the Khyber Pass is known for its strategic importance and scenic beauty.
• Besham: A town in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Besham is a popular stopover for travelers on their way to the northern regions of Pakistan.
• Fairy Meadows: A beautiful meadow located in the Diamer District of Gilgit-Baltistan, Fairy Meadows is a popular trekking destination with stunning views of Nanga Parbat.
• Rawalakot: A town in Azad Kashmir, Rawalakot is known for its scenic beauty, historic landmarks, and adventure sports.
• Muzaffarabad: The capital city of Azad Kashmir, Muzaffarabad is a scenic city located on the banks of the Jhelum River, with historical landmarks and beautiful natural scenery.

CELEBRITIES

Pakistan has a rich history of producing talented celebrities in various fields such as sports, entertainment, and politics. Here are some of the most famous and influential celebrities from Pakistan:

• Imran Khan – A former cricket player turned politician who is currently serving as the Prime Minister of Pakistan.
• Malala Yousafzai – An activist for female education who became the youngest Nobel Prize laureate.
• Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan – A renowned musician and qawwali vocalist who is considered a pioneer of the devotional music genre.
• Wasim Akram – A former cricket player who is considered one of the greatest fast bowlers of all time.
• Mahira Khan – A popular actress who has starred in numerous Pakistani films and television shows.
• Abida Parveen – A renowned Sufi singer who is known for her soulful performances.
• Shahid Afridi – A former cricket player who is known for his explosive batting and leg-spin bowling.
• Ali Zafar – A versatile actor, singer, and songwriter who has also worked in Bollywood.
• Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy – A documentary filmmaker who has won two Academy Awards for her work.
• Aisam-ul-Haq – A professional tennis player who has represented Pakistan at the Olympics and other international competitions.
• Atif Aslam – A popular singer who has released numerous hit songs and is known for his soulful voice.
• Benazir Bhutto – A former Prime Minister of Pakistan and the first woman to hold the position in a Muslim-majority country.
• Fawad Khan – An actor, singer, and model who has worked in both Pakistani and Bollywood films.
• Hadiqa Kiani – A popular singer and songwriter who is known for her fusion of pop and traditional Pakistani music.
• Abdul Sattar Edhi – A philanthropist and social activist who founded the Edhi Foundation, which is one of the largest charitable organizations in Pakistan.
• Mahnoor Baloch – An actress, model, and director who has worked in Pakistani television dramas and films.
• Jahangir Khan – A former squash player who is considered one of the greatest players of all time and has won numerous world championships.
• Mehwish Hayat – A popular actress and singer who has won several awards for her performances.
• Muhammad Ali Jinnah – The founder of Pakistan and its first Governor-General.
• Sadequain – A renowned artist who is known for his calligraphic style and murals.

These celebrities have not only made their mark in Pakistan but have also gained recognition internationally, showcasing the rich talent and culture of Pakistan to the world.

NEWSPAPERS

Pakistan has a vibrant and diverse media landscape, with numerous newspapers published in various languages, including Urdu, English, Sindhi, Punjabi, and Balochi. Some of the major newspapers in Pakistan include:

• Dawn: One of the oldest and most widely circulated English-language newspapers in Pakistan, Dawn was founded in 1941 and is known for its independent and progressive journalism.
• The News International: Another major English-language newspaper in Pakistan, The News International was founded in 1991 and covers national and international news, as well as business and sports.
• Jang: One of the largest Urdu-language newspapers in Pakistan, Jang was founded in 1939 and is known for its investigative journalism.
• Nawa-i-Waqt: Another major Urdu-language newspaper in Pakistan, Nawa-i-Waqt was founded in 1940 and is known for its conservative editorial stance.
• Express Tribune: A relatively new English-language newspaper, Express Tribune was founded in 2010 and is known for its progressive and liberal editorial stance.
• Daily Ausaf: An Urdu-language newspaper, Daily Ausaf was founded in 1997 and covers national and international news, as well as sports, entertainment, and business.
• The Nation: Another major English-language newspaper in Pakistan, The Nation was founded in 1986 and covers national and international news, as well as business and sports.
• Daily Times: An English-language newspaper, Daily Times was founded in 2002 and covers national and international news, as well as business and sports.
• Khabrain: An Urdu-language newspaper, Khabrain was founded in 1992 and covers national and international news, as well as sports, entertainment, and business.
• Pakistan Observer: An English-language newspaper, Pakistan Observer was founded in 1988 and covers national and international news, as well as business and sports.

These are just a few examples of the many newspapers published in Pakistan, each with their own unique editorial stance and perspective on the news.

TV CHANNELS

Pakistan has a wide variety of TV channels catering to different interests and preferences of the viewers. Here are some of the popular TV channels in Pakistan:

• Pakistan Television Corporation (PTV)
• Geo News
• ARY News
• Dunya News
• Express News
• Samaa TV
• Hum TV
• ARY Digital
• Geo Entertainment
• Express Entertainment
• A-Plus Entertainment
• Urdu 1
• 92 News
• Bol News
• Dawn News
• Capital TV
• News One
• Metro One
• Abb Takk News
• Lahore News HD

These channels broadcast news, entertainment, dramas, sports, and other programs in various languages such as Urdu, English, Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto, and Balochi.

RADIO

Pakistan has a diverse range of radio stations, both public and private, broadcasting in various languages such as Urdu, English, Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto, and Balochi. Some of the popular radio stations in Pakistan are:

• Radio Pakistan: It is the national public radio broadcaster of Pakistan and has been in operation since 1947. It broadcasts in multiple languages and covers news, current affairs, music, and cultural programs.
• FM 100 Pakistan: It is a private FM radio station broadcasting in major cities of Pakistan. It plays a mix of music and hosts live shows featuring celebrity guests, interviews, and listener interactions.
• City FM 89: It is a private FM radio station broadcasting in Karachi, Lahore, and Islamabad. It plays a mix of music and hosts talk shows featuring local celebrities and experts on various topics.
• Mast FM 103: It is a private FM radio station broadcasting in multiple cities of Pakistan. It plays a mix of music and hosts live shows featuring celebrity guests and listener interactions.
• Samaa FM: It is a private FM radio station broadcasting in Karachi, Lahore, and Islamabad. It plays a mix of music and covers news, current affairs, and cultural programs.
• Power Radio FM 99: It is a private FM radio station broadcasting in Islamabad, Rawalpindi, and Lahore. It plays a mix of music and hosts live shows featuring celebrity guests and listener interactions.
• Apna Karachi FM 107: It is a private FM radio station broadcasting in Karachi. It plays a mix of music and hosts live shows featuring local celebrities and experts on various topics.
• FM 101: It is a private FM radio station broadcasting in multiple cities of Pakistan. It plays a mix of music and hosts live shows featuring celebrity guests, interviews, and listener interactions.
• FM 93: It is a private FM radio station broadcasting in multiple cities of Pakistan. It plays a mix of music and covers news, current affairs, and cultural programs.
• Hum FM: It is a private FM radio station broadcasting in Karachi, Lahore, and Islamabad. It plays a mix of music and hosts live shows featuring celebrity guests and listener interactions.

FACTS

Here are some interesting and random facts about Pakistan:

• Pakistan is the world’s fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 225 million people.
• The national language of Pakistan is Urdu, but English is also widely spoken and used in government, education, and business.
• The official name of Pakistan is the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
• The national flag of Pakistan features a green field with a white crescent moon and five-pointed star, and a vertical white stripe on the hoist side.
• The Karakoram Highway, which connects Pakistan and China, is the highest paved international road in the world.
• Pakistan is home to the world’s second-highest mountain, K2, which is part of the Karakoram Range.
• The Indus River, which runs through Pakistan, is one of the longest rivers in the world, stretching over 3,000 kilometers.
• Pakistan is the only Muslim-majority country to have nuclear weapons.
• Pakistan has the world’s largest irrigation system, with more than 45,000 kilometers of canals and waterways.
• The national sport of Pakistan is field hockey, and the country has won several Olympic medals in the sport.
• Pakistan is one of the world’s largest producers of cotton and mangoes.
• The Lahore Fort, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a Mughal-era fort in Lahore that dates back to the 16th century.
• The national animal of Pakistan is the Markhor, a type of wild goat found in the country’s mountainous regions.
• The world’s largest deep sea port, Gwadar Port, is located in Pakistan’s Balochistan province.
• The highest polo ground in the world, Shandur Top, is located in Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province.
• The famous Hollywood actress Angelina Jolie was granted honorary citizenship by the Pakistani government in 2005 for her humanitarian work.
• The Faisal Mosque in Islamabad is one of the largest mosques in the world, and its unique design is inspired by Bedouin tents and traditional Islamic architecture.
• Pakistan has a rich literary tradition, with notable authors including Allama Iqbal, Faiz Ahmed Faiz, and Ahmed Faraz.
• The ancient city of Mohenjo-daro, located in Sindh province, is one of the world’s earliest urban settlements, dating back to 2500 BCE.
• Pakistan is the world’s fourth-largest producer of chickpeas, also known as chana.
• The Pakistani national anthem was written by Hafeez Jalandhari and was officially adopted in 1954.
• The Khyber Pass, a mountain pass connecting Pakistan and Afghanistan, has been an important trade route for centuries.
• Pakistan’s largest city, Karachi, is also one of the world’s largest cities by population, with over 14 million residents.
• The world’s largest salt mine, Khewra Salt Mine, is located in Pakistan’s Punjab province.
• The city of Taxila, located near Islamabad, is an important archaeological site and was once a center of Buddhist learning.
• The Pakistani film industry, known as Lollywood, produces around 100 films a year.
• The Kalash people, who live in Pakistan’s Chitral district, are known for their unique culture and traditions, which are distinct from mainstream Pakistani culture.
• The national flower of Pakistan is the jasmine.
• Pakistan has several important historical sites associated with the Mughal Empire, including the Badshahi Mosque and the Shalimar Gardens in Lahore.