Saudi Arabia is a country located in the Middle East, occupying most of the Arabian Peninsula. It is the largest country in the region, covering over 2 million square kilometers. Saudi Arabia is a monarchy, with the King serving as the head of state and government. The country has a rich history, with important historical sites such as the ancient city of Mada’in Saleh and the birthplace of Islam, Mecca and Medina. Saudi Arabia is known for its vast oil reserves and is the world’s largest exporter of petroleum. The economy is heavily dependent on oil, but the government has been working to diversify the economy and encourage private sector growth. The population of Saudi Arabia is around 35 million, with the majority of the population being Sunni Muslims. Arabic is the official language, and the country follows a conservative interpretation of Islam. Despite its conservative social policies, the country has undergone significant social and economic reforms in recent years, such as allowing women to drive and expanding entertainment options.

ABOUT

Saudi Arabia, officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country situated in Western Asia. It is the largest country in the Middle East and Western Asia, the second-largest in the Arab world, and the fifth-largest in Asia, covering an area of around 2,150,000 km2 (830,000 sq mi). Saudi Arabia is bordered by Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait to the north, the Persian Gulf, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates to the east, the Red Sea to the west, Oman to the southeast, and Yemen to the south. It is the only country that has coastlines along both the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. The majority of its terrain is composed of arid desert, lowland, steppe, and mountains. Riyadh is the capital city and the largest city of Saudi Arabia. The country is home to Mecca and Medina, the two holiest cities in Islam.

The region that constitutes modern-day Saudi Arabia was the site of ancient cultures and civilizations, and some of the earliest traces of human activity can be traced back to this region. Islam, the world’s second-largest religion, emerged in Saudi Arabia. In the early 7th century, Prophet Muhammad united the Arabian Peninsula and created a single Islamic religious polity. His followers rapidly expanded the Muslim rule beyond Arabia, conquering vast territories in Asia, Africa, and Europe.

The present-day Saudi Arabia was formerly divided into four distinct historical regions, including Hejaz, Najd, parts of Eastern Arabia (Al-Ahsa), and South Arabia (‘Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was established in 1932 by King Abdulaziz (known as Ibn Saud in the West) after unifying the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests. The country has since been an absolute monarchy, and political decisions are made on the basis of consultation among the King, the Council of Ministers, and traditional elites that oversee an authoritarian regime. The ultraconservative Wahhabi religious movement was considered a predominant feature of Saudi culture until the 2000s. In 2016, the Saudi Arabian government made moves to curtail the influence of religious establishments and restrict the activities of the morality police. It launched an economic program called Saudi Vision 2030 in an attempt to enhance social development, build a more robust and effective society, and revive the economy.

Saudi Arabia is the world’s second-largest oil producer (after the US) and the largest oil exporter. It controls the world’s second-largest oil reserves and the fourth-largest gas reserves. The kingdom is classified as a high-income economy by the World Bank and is the only Arab country that is part of the G20 major economies. Despite its achievements, Saudi Arabia has attracted criticism for its role in the Yemeni Civil War, alleged sponsorship of Islamic terrorism, and poor human rights record, including the excessive and often extrajudicial use of capital punishment.

Saudi Arabia is considered both a regional and middle power. The Saudi economy is the largest in the Middle East, the world’s eighteenth-largest economy by nominal GDP, and the seventeenth-largest by PPP. The country has a very high Human Development Index, offering a tuition-free university education, no personal income tax, and a free universal health care system. Saudi Arabia has one of the world’s youngest populations, with around 50% of its 34.2 million population being under 25 years old. In addition to being a member of the Gulf Cooperation Council, Saudi Arabia is an active and founding member of the United Nations, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Arab League, Arab Air Carriers Organization, and OPEC.

NAME AND ETYMOLOGY

Saudi Arabia, officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country located in Western Asia. The name “Saudi Arabia” is derived from the ruling House of Saud, which first took control of the region in the late 18th century. The term “Arabia” is a Latinized form of the ancient Greek word “Arabia,” which originally referred to the Arabian Peninsula. The Arabic name for Saudi Arabia is “al-Mamlaka al-‘Arabiyya as-Su‘ūdiyya,” which translates to “the Saudi Arabian Kingdom” or “the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.”

Before the unification of Saudi Arabia in 1932, the region was known by a number of different names. The western region of Hejaz was home to the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina and was often referred to as the “Hejaz Kingdom.” The central region of Najd was home to the House of Saud and was referred to as the “Saud Kingdom” or “Saud’s Land.” The eastern region of Al-Ahsa was known as the “Eastern Province,” while the southern region of Asir was known as “Southern Arabia.”

After the unification of the four regions into the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the official name of the country became “Mamlakat al-Arabiyah al-Saudiyah,” or the “Kingdom of Saudi Arabia” in English. This name reflects the ruling House of Saud and the country’s status as a sovereign state in the Arab world. The name was officially adopted on September 23, 1932, when King Abdulaziz declared the unification of the four regions under his rule.

HISTORY

The history of Saudi Arabia dates back to ancient times, with evidence of human activity in the region dating back to prehistoric times. The area was home to several ancient cultures and civilizations, including the Nabateans, Thamud, Lihyanites, and Dilmun. However, the history of Saudi Arabia as a unified state begins in the early 18th century.

In 1744, Muhammad ibn Saud, a tribal leader from the Najd region, formed an alliance with Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, a religious reformer who preached a strict interpretation of Islam known as Wahhabism. The alliance between the two men led to the establishment of the First Saudi State, which was centered around the town of Diriyah in the Najd region. The First Saudi State was a small but powerful entity that controlled much of central Arabia, and was able to repel several attempts by the Ottoman Empire to conquer the region.

In 1818, the Ottoman Empire launched a massive invasion of Arabia, which resulted in the destruction of the First Saudi State and the execution of many of its leaders, including the ruling Al Saud family. However, in the early 19th century, a member of the Al Saud family named Turki bin Abdullah was able to establish a new Saudi state in the Najd region. This state, known as the Second Saudi State, was short-lived and was destroyed by the Ottoman Empire in 1891.

In 1902, a young tribal leader named Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud recaptured Riyadh, the ancestral home of the Al Saud family, and began a campaign to reunify the Arabian Peninsula under Saudi rule. He was successful in conquering much of the Najd region and parts of the Hejaz region, and in 1932 he officially established the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Under King Abdulaziz, Saudi Arabia embarked on a period of rapid modernization and development. The country’s vast oil reserves were discovered in 1938, and by the 1950s Saudi Arabia had become one of the world’s leading oil producers. The oil boom led to massive investments in infrastructure, education, and healthcare, and transformed Saudi Arabia from a largely agrarian society into a modern, industrialized nation.

However, the country has also faced numerous challenges over the years. In the 1970s and 1980s, Islamic militants carried out a series of attacks on government and foreign targets in Saudi Arabia, and the country was also involved in a long and costly war with neighboring Yemen. In recent years, Saudi Arabia has faced criticism for its human rights record, its treatment of women and religious minorities, and its role in the ongoing conflict in Yemen. Nonetheless, the country remains an influential regional power and a major player in the global energy market.

GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS

Saudi Arabia is an absolute monarchy, where political decisions are made on the basis of consultation among the King, the Council of Ministers, and the country’s traditional elites that oversee a highly authoritarian regime. The current monarch is King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, who assumed the throne in January 2015.

The government of Saudi Arabia operates under the Basic Law, which defines the country as a sovereign Arab Islamic state with Islam as its official religion, Arabic as its official language, and Riyadh as its capital. The Basic Law also lays out the structure of the government, with the King as the head of state and the Prime Minister as the head of government.

The Council of Ministers, also known as the Cabinet, is the main executive body of the government. It is composed of the King, the Prime Minister, and other high-ranking officials appointed by the King. The Council is responsible for implementing the policies and decisions of the government.

The legislative branch of the government is the Consultative Assembly, also known as the Shura Council. The Council has 150 members, all of whom are appointed by the King. The Council’s role is to review and discuss laws and regulations proposed by the government and to make recommendations to the King.

In recent years, the Saudi Arabian government has undertaken significant reforms aimed at modernizing the country and increasing its openness to the world. In 2018, the government lifted the decades-long ban on women driving and has taken steps to increase women’s participation in the workforce. The government has also launched an ambitious economic program, known as Saudi Vision 2030, which aims to diversify the country’s economy away from its dependence on oil and to create more opportunities for young Saudis.

Overall, the government and politics of Saudi Arabia are characterized by a strong commitment to traditional Islamic values and a focus on stability and security. The country has made significant progress in recent years in terms of modernizing its institutions and increasing openness to the world, and the government is working hard to build a more prosperous and inclusive society for all Saudis.

ECONOMY

Saudi Arabia has a highly developed and diversified economy, largely driven by its vast oil reserves. It is the world’s largest oil exporter and has the second-largest proven oil reserves, which have been a major source of wealth for the country. The country has made significant efforts to diversify its economy beyond the oil sector through a series of reforms and initiatives, such as the Saudi Vision 2030 program.

The government has been investing heavily in infrastructure development, education, and healthcare to support economic growth and improve the standard of living of its citizens. The country has also made significant investments in renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, as part of its efforts to reduce its dependence on oil and shift towards a more sustainable economy.

In addition to the oil sector, Saudi Arabia has a well-developed petrochemicals industry, which produces a wide range of products for both domestic consumption and export. The country is also a major player in the global mining industry, with significant reserves of gold, copper, and other minerals. Agriculture is another important sector, with the country being largely self-sufficient in terms of food production.

The government has implemented various economic reforms to attract foreign investment and improve the business climate, including streamlining the regulatory environment and reducing bureaucratic hurdles. The country has also established a number of free trade zones to encourage foreign investment and facilitate trade.

Overall, Saudi Arabia’s economy is one of the largest and most developed in the Middle East, with significant potential for growth and diversification in the years to come.

GEOGRAPHY

Saudi Arabia is a country located in Western Asia and is the largest country in the Middle East, covering most of the Arabian Peninsula. It has a land area of about 2,150,000 km² (830,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest country in Asia and the 13th largest in the world. The country is bordered by the Red Sea to the west, Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait to the north, the Persian Gulf, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates to the east, Oman to the southeast, and Yemen to the south. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northwest separates Saudi Arabia from Egypt and Israel.

Most of Saudi Arabia’s terrain consists of arid desert, lowland, steppe, and mountains. The country is dominated by the Arabian Desert, which covers most of the country’s area. The Rub’ al Khali (Empty Quarter) in the southern part of the country is the world’s largest sand desert, covering an area of approximately 650,000 km² (251,000 sq mi). There are also mountain ranges such as the Sarawat Mountains in the west and the Hijaz Mountains in the north.

Saudi Arabia is the only country with a coastline along both the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. The Red Sea coast is characterized by coral reefs and a variety of marine life, while the Persian Gulf coast is known for its shallow waters and extensive mangrove forests.

Saudi Arabia is home to a variety of wildlife, including Arabian oryx, gazelles, wolves, hyenas, and desert foxes. The country also has a rich diversity of flora, including date palms, acacia trees, and other desert vegetation.

The country experiences extreme temperatures, with summer temperatures in some regions reaching up to 50°C (122°F) and winter temperatures dropping below freezing in some areas. The country’s water resources are limited, with the majority of the country’s freshwater coming from desalination plants and underground aquifers.

Overall, Saudi Arabia’s geography is characterized by vast desert landscapes, stunning coastlines, and unique ecosystems that have adapted to the country’s extreme climate.

TRANSPORT

Transportation in Saudi Arabia is well developed and serves as a vital component of the country’s infrastructure. The kingdom’s vast geography and the population’s increasing demand for mobility have resulted in a significant investment in transport infrastructure.

Road transportation is the primary mode of transportation in the country. Saudi Arabia has a well-developed network of highways and roads, covering approximately 221,000 kilometers. The road system connects all major cities and towns, and there are many modern highways with multiple lanes. The country has a high number of cars per capita, and private car ownership is prevalent.

In addition to roads, the country has a well-established air transport system. Saudi Arabia has several international airports, including King Abdulaziz International Airport in Jeddah and King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh. These airports serve as gateways to the Middle East and the world.

The country has a national airline, Saudi Arabian Airlines, which operates both domestic and international flights. It is one of the largest airlines in the Middle East and has a modern fleet of planes.

In recent years, the government has invested in developing the country’s railway system. The Saudi Railway Organization operates a network of railways that connects major cities, including Jeddah, Riyadh, and Dammam. The railway system is also integrated with other modes of transportation, such as ports and airports.

The country has several seaports, including Jeddah Islamic Port, which is the largest port in the country and serves as a gateway to the holy cities of Mecca and Medina. Other major ports include King Abdulaziz Port in Dammam and Yanbu Commercial Port.

Overall, Saudi Arabia has a well-developed transportation infrastructure that is constantly evolving and adapting to the needs of the population and the economy.

INDUSTRY SECTORS

Saudi Arabia has a diverse and rapidly growing industrial sector, driven by its abundant natural resources and strategic location at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. The country’s industrial base has historically been dominated by oil and gas, but the government is actively promoting the development of other industries such as petrochemicals, mining, and manufacturing.

The petrochemical industry is a major contributor to the Saudi economy, with the country being one of the world’s largest producers of petrochemicals. The government has established industrial cities and zones, such as Jubail and Yanbu, to attract investment and facilitate the development of this sector.

The mining industry in Saudi Arabia is also growing rapidly, with the country being a major producer of minerals such as gold, copper, and phosphate. The government is actively encouraging the development of the mining sector, and has established the Saudi Arabian Mining Company (Ma’aden) to oversee and promote the industry.

Manufacturing is another key industry in Saudi Arabia, with a focus on high-value added products such as pharmaceuticals, automotive components, and electronics. The government has launched a number of initiatives to encourage the growth of the manufacturing sector, including the National Industrial Development and Logistics Program (NIDLP) and the Saudi Industrial Development Fund (SIDF).

Other important industries in Saudi Arabia include construction, real estate, and tourism. The country is investing heavily in infrastructure development, with major projects such as the King Abdullah Economic City and the Red Sea Project aimed at boosting the economy and diversifying the country’s revenue streams.

Overall, Saudi Arabia’s industrial sector is experiencing rapid growth and diversification, driven by the government’s efforts to promote economic development and reduce dependence on oil exports.

DEMOGRAPHICS

Saudi Arabia has a population of approximately 34 million people, with a majority of them being Saudi nationals. However, the country also has a significant expatriate population, primarily made up of foreign workers from countries such as India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and the Philippines.

The official language of Saudi Arabia is Arabic, and Islam is the predominant religion, with around 85-90% of the population being Muslim.

The population is relatively young, with a median age of around 32 years. However, the country has a high birth rate, which has resulted in a rapidly growing population in recent years.

The literacy rate in Saudi Arabia is relatively high, with approximately 95% of the population being literate. The government has invested heavily in education over the past few decades, with a particular focus on increasing access to education for women.

In terms of healthcare, Saudi Arabia has a modern healthcare system that provides free healthcare to its citizens. The government has also launched several initiatives aimed at improving the quality of healthcare services in the country. However, there are still disparities in healthcare access and outcomes across different regions of the country.

EDUCATION

Education is highly valued in Saudi Arabia, and the country has made significant strides in the education sector over the past few decades. The government has implemented various initiatives to improve the education system, including increasing access to education, investing in infrastructure, and expanding curriculums.

Primary education is mandatory and free for both boys and girls, and the government has also made efforts to increase enrollment rates for girls, who were historically underrepresented in the education system. In recent years, Saudi Arabia has also increased its focus on higher education, with the establishment of several new universities and colleges, including King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) and Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, the largest women’s university in the world.

The education system in Saudi Arabia is divided into several levels, including pre-primary, primary, intermediate, secondary, and tertiary education. Arabic is the primary language of instruction in all levels of education, although some universities offer programs in English. Islamic studies are also a mandatory part of the curriculum at all levels of education.

Overall, Saudi Arabia has made significant progress in developing its education system, and the government continues to invest in improving access and quality of education. This focus on education is expected to help drive the country’s future economic growth and development.

HEALTHCARE

The healthcare system in Saudi Arabia has undergone significant transformation and improvement over the past few decades. The government has invested heavily in the sector, with a particular focus on improving access to healthcare services and upgrading the infrastructure.

The Ministry of Health is the main regulatory body for the healthcare sector in Saudi Arabia. It is responsible for setting policies and standards, and ensuring that healthcare services are delivered efficiently and effectively across the country. The Ministry also oversees the operation of public hospitals and healthcare centers.

The healthcare system in Saudi Arabia is divided into two sectors: public and private. The public sector provides healthcare services to citizens and residents free of charge, while the private sector caters to those who can afford to pay for their healthcare.

The public healthcare system in Saudi Arabia consists of primary healthcare centers, general hospitals, specialized hospitals, and medical cities. Primary healthcare centers are the first point of contact for patients and are located in almost every neighborhood in the country. They offer basic healthcare services, including preventive care, diagnosis, and treatment of common illnesses. General hospitals provide more specialized services, such as surgery and emergency care. Specialized hospitals are focused on specific medical areas, such as oncology or pediatrics. Medical cities are large-scale healthcare complexes that provide a wide range of medical services under one roof.

In recent years, the Saudi government has also encouraged the growth of the private healthcare sector, which has led to an increase in the number of private hospitals and clinics across the country. Private healthcare providers offer a wider range of services and amenities, but they come at a higher cost.

Overall, the healthcare system in Saudi Arabia is modern and well-equipped, with highly trained healthcare professionals and advanced medical technologies. However, like many healthcare systems around the world, it faces challenges such as increasing demand for services, a shortage of healthcare professionals in some areas, and rising healthcare costs. The government continues to invest in the sector to address these challenges and ensure that all citizens and residents have access to high-quality healthcare services.

CULTURE

Saudi Arabia has a rich and diverse cultural heritage that is shaped by its Islamic faith and traditional Bedouin values. The country has a conservative culture that is heavily influenced by the Islamic religion, and social norms are strongly influenced by the principles of modesty, hospitality, and respect for elders.

One of the most significant cultural traditions in Saudi Arabia is the Hajj, which is the annual pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca. Millions of Muslims from around the world travel to Saudi Arabia to participate in the Hajj, which is a central pillar of the Islamic faith.

Another important cultural tradition in Saudi Arabia is the Arabic language, which is the official language of the country. Arabic is widely spoken throughout the Middle East and North Africa, and Saudi Arabia is home to some of the world’s most respected scholars of the Arabic language.

Saudi Arabia has a rich artistic heritage that is expressed through a variety of traditional art forms, including calligraphy, music, poetry, and storytelling. Traditional Saudi Arabian music is based on the Arabic maqam system, which is a series of melodic modes that are used to structure compositions.

Despite its conservative culture, Saudi Arabia has made significant strides in recent years to promote cultural diversity and creativity. The country has invested heavily in the arts, and has established a number of institutions and programs to support and promote artistic expression.

In terms of cuisine, Saudi Arabian food is influenced by the Bedouin tradition of hospitality, and is known for its generous portions and bold flavors. Popular dishes include grilled meats, rice, and stews, and traditional spices such as cardamom, saffron, and cinnamon are used extensively in cooking.

Overall, Saudi Arabia’s culture is deeply rooted in its Islamic faith and traditional Bedouin values, but the country is also evolving and embracing new forms of artistic expression and cultural diversity.

NATURAL RESOURCES

Saudi Arabia is home to various natural resources, some of which have been the main source of income for the country. The most notable natural resource of the country is oil, which accounts for over 90% of its exports and more than 40% of its GDP. The country has the largest oil reserves in the world, estimated at over 260 billion barrels, and is the world’s leading oil exporter.

Apart from oil, Saudi Arabia has significant natural gas reserves, estimated at 307 trillion cubic feet, which places it among the top ten countries in the world in terms of natural gas reserves. The country also has significant reserves of other minerals, including bauxite, gold, iron ore, phosphate, and zinc.

In addition to these mineral resources, Saudi Arabia has vast desert areas that are rich in sand and gravel, which are essential for the construction industry. The country also has significant agricultural resources, including fertile soil, irrigation systems, and a favorable climate for growing crops.

The Red Sea coastline of Saudi Arabia provides the country with rich marine resources, including fish, shrimp, and other seafood. The country has invested heavily in developing its fishing industry, and the sector is an essential source of food and employment for many coastal communities.

Overall, Saudi Arabia’s natural resources have played a critical role in the country’s economic growth and development. The government has made significant investments in developing and managing these resources to ensure their sustainable use and to support the country’s future economic growth.

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

Saudi Arabia has taken significant steps to address environmental issues in a positive and proactive manner. The country has implemented policies and initiatives aimed at preserving its natural resources and protecting its unique ecosystem.

One of the major environmental concerns in Saudi Arabia is water scarcity. The country has taken several steps to conserve water, including implementing water recycling projects, improving irrigation systems, and promoting the use of desalinated water. These efforts have led to a reduction in water consumption and increased efficiency in the country’s water use.

In addition to water conservation, Saudi Arabia has also made significant strides in renewable energy development. The country has implemented several projects aimed at increasing the use of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power. These efforts have helped to reduce the country’s reliance on fossil fuels and decrease carbon emissions.

Another important environmental issue in Saudi Arabia is the conservation of its unique biodiversity. The country has implemented several initiatives to protect its natural habitats and wildlife. The creation of protected areas such as the Farasan Islands Protected Area and the Mahazat as-Sayd Reserve have helped to preserve the country’s diverse ecosystem.

Overall, Saudi Arabia is making significant efforts to address environmental issues and promote sustainable development. These positive steps will ensure the preservation of the country’s natural resources and promote a healthier and more sustainable future for its citizens.

HUMAN RIGHTS

Saudi Arabia has made significant progress in advancing human rights in recent years. The government has taken steps to promote women’s rights, including granting them the right to drive, allowing them to travel without the permission of a male guardian, and increasing their participation in the workforce. The country has also implemented a number of legal reforms aimed at strengthening the rights of its citizens, including reforms to the criminal justice system and the establishment of a human rights commission.

In addition, Saudi Arabia has taken steps to combat discrimination and promote tolerance, including hosting the annual Interfaith Conference in 2019 and launching a number of initiatives aimed at promoting tolerance and coexistence among different religious and cultural groups.

The government has also taken steps to improve the living conditions of migrant workers in the country, including introducing new labor laws aimed at protecting their rights and implementing reforms to improve their working conditions.

While there is still room for improvement in some areas, the government’s efforts to promote human rights are a positive step forward, and the country is making progress in this area.

FOODS

Saudi Arabian cuisine is a blend of traditional Arabic and Middle Eastern dishes, with influences from Indian, African, and Mediterranean cuisines. The country’s cuisine reflects its rich history, diverse culture, and regional variations.

Some popular Saudi Arabian dishes include:

• Kabsa: a rice dish cooked with meat, vegetables, and aromatic spices like cardamom and saffron.
• Shawarma: a sandwich made with meat (usually chicken or beef) that has been marinated and roasted on a spit, then sliced and wrapped in pita bread with vegetables and sauce.
• Mandi: a dish of roasted meat (usually chicken or lamb) and rice that is cooked in an underground oven, giving it a smoky flavor.
• Hummus: a dip made from chickpeas, tahini (sesame paste), lemon juice, and garlic.
• Mutabbaq: a pastry filled with vegetables, meat, or cheese and fried until crispy.

Saudi Arabian cuisine also includes a variety of sweets and desserts, such as baklava (layers of phyllo dough filled with nuts and honey syrup), halva (a sweet made from sesame paste and sugar), and ma’amoul (cookies filled with dates or nuts).

The country’s cuisine has also been influenced by Islamic dietary laws, with pork being forbidden and halal meat being widely available. Family and hospitality are also important aspects of Saudi Arabian culture, with meals often being shared with extended family and guests.

TRAVEL DESTINATIONS

Saudi Arabia is a country rich in cultural and historical sites, as well as natural wonders. Here are some of the top travel destinations in Saudi Arabia:

• Makkah: The holiest city in Islam, Makkah is home to the Kaaba, which is the focal point of the annual Hajj pilgrimage. Millions of Muslims from around the world visit Makkah each year to perform the Hajj or the Umrah.
• Madinah: The second holiest city in Islam, Madinah is where the Prophet Muhammad is buried. It is a popular destination for Muslims who want to visit the Prophet’s Mosque and pay their respects to the Prophet.
• Riyadh: The capital city of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh is a modern metropolis with many cultural and historical attractions, such as the Al Masmak Fortress, the National Museum, and the King Abdulaziz Historical Center.
• Al-Ula: Located in the northwestern part of the country, Al-Ula is home to the ancient city of Hegra, which was the capital of the Nabataean kingdom in the first century CE. The site is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site and attracts visitors from around the world.
• Jeddah: The gateway to Makkah and Madinah, Jeddah is a cosmopolitan city with a rich history and culture. Visitors can explore the historic district of Al-Balad, visit the Jeddah Corniche, or shop at the many souqs and malls in the city.
• Taif: Known as the “City of Roses,” Taif is famous for its lush gardens and cool climate. It is a popular destination for Saudis who want to escape the heat of the desert and enjoy the natural beauty of the region.
• Abha: Located in the southern part of the country, Abha is known for its stunning mountain scenery and cool climate. Visitors can explore the traditional villages of the region, visit the Abha Palace Museum, or take a cable car ride to the top of the nearby mountains.

These are just a few of the many travel destinations in Saudi Arabia. With its rich culture, history, and natural beauty, Saudi Arabia has something to offer every type of traveler.

CELEBRITIES

Saudi Arabia is home to several famous celebrities, particularly in the fields of sports and entertainment. Here are some notable Saudi Arabian celebrities:

• Mohammed Assaf: He is a Palestinian singer who won the second season of Arab Idol in 2013. He has since become a popular singer in Saudi Arabia and across the Arab world.
• Nawal El Zoghbi: She is a Lebanese singer who has released numerous albums and singles over the course of her career. She has a significant fanbase in Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries.
• Hatoon Al-Kadi: She is a popular Saudi Arabian comedian, actress, and writer. Her humorous videos and sketches have gained a large following on social media.
• Yara Alnamlah: She is a young Saudi Arabian actress who has gained international recognition for her role in the Netflix series “The Perfect Candidate.” She is known for her talent and her efforts to promote women’s rights in Saudi Arabia.
• Sami Al-Jaber: He is a retired Saudi Arabian footballer who played for the national team and several clubs in Saudi Arabia and abroad. He is considered one of the best footballers in Saudi Arabian history.

These are just a few examples of the many talented and successful celebrities from Saudi Arabia.

NEWSPAPERS

There are several newspapers in Saudi Arabia, both in Arabic and English. Here are some of the most prominent ones:

• Saudi Gazette – An English-language daily newspaper that covers news from Saudi Arabia and around the world. It was founded in 1978 and is one of the oldest English-language newspapers in the country.
• Arab News – Another English-language daily newspaper that covers news from Saudi Arabia and the Middle East. It was founded in 1975 and is one of the most widely read English-language newspapers in the region.
• Al Riyadh – A leading Arabic-language daily newspaper that covers news from Saudi Arabia and around the world. It was founded in 1965 and has a wide readership in the country.
• Al-Jazirah – An Arabic-language daily newspaper that covers news and current affairs from Saudi Arabia and the Middle East. It was founded in 1960 and is one of the oldest newspapers in the country.
• Al Watan – An Arabic-language daily newspaper that covers news, politics, and culture from Saudi Arabia and the Middle East. It was founded in 1997 and has a wide readership in the country.
• Al Madina – An Arabic-language daily newspaper that covers news, politics, and current affairs from Saudi Arabia and around the world. It was founded in 2005 and is known for its comprehensive coverage of local and regional news.

These newspapers play an important role in informing the public about current events and shaping public opinion in Saudi Arabia. They also provide a platform for journalists and commentators to express their views and opinions on a wide range of issues.

TV CHANNELS

Saudi Arabia has a diverse range of TV channels that cater to different interests and audiences. Some of the most popular TV channels in Saudi Arabia include:

• Al Arabiya: A 24-hour news channel that covers local and international news and events.
• MBC: One of the largest and most popular networks in the Middle East, MBC has several channels that offer a range of programming, including news, sports, dramas, and reality shows.
• Rotana: A music and entertainment network that features Arabic and international music videos, as well as movies and TV shows.
• Saudi TV: The state-owned television network that broadcasts news, sports, cultural programs, and other content in Arabic.
• ART: A popular network that offers a range of programming, including movies, TV series, documentaries, and talk shows.
• BeIN Sports: A sports network that broadcasts live sports events, including football (soccer), basketball, and tennis.
• OSN: A premium TV network that offers a range of channels with content in Arabic and English, including movies, TV shows, and sports.

These TV channels provide a diverse range of content that reflects the interests and tastes of Saudi audiences.

RADIO

Saudi Arabia has a number of radio stations, broadcasting in different languages including Arabic, English, Urdu, and others. Some of the popular radio stations in the country include:

• Saudi Radio: This is the national radio station of Saudi Arabia, broadcasting in Arabic. It has several channels, including Quran Radio, News Radio, and General Radio.
• MBC FM: MBC FM is a popular radio station that broadcasts music, news, and other content in Arabic.
• Mix FM: Mix FM is a private radio station that broadcasts music in English and Arabic.
• Alif Alif FM: Alif Alif FM is a radio station that broadcasts in Urdu, aimed at the Pakistani community in Saudi Arabia.
• Radio Riyadh: Radio Riyadh is a government-owned radio station that broadcasts news, cultural programs, and other content in Arabic.
• Quran Radio: Quran Radio is a government-owned radio station that broadcasts recitation and interpretation of the Quran.
• Saudi Quran FM: Saudi Quran FM is another government-owned radio station that broadcasts recitation of the Quran 24/7.

There are also many other local and regional radio stations in Saudi Arabia, offering a variety of content to listeners across the country.

FACTS

Here are some interesting and random facts about Saudi Arabia.

• Saudi Arabia is the largest country in the Middle East, covering over 2 million square kilometers.
• It is the birthplace of Islam, with the two holiest sites in Islam, Mecca and Medina, located in the country.
• The official language of Saudi Arabia is Arabic.
• Saudi Arabia has the world’s second-largest oil reserves, after Venezuela.
• The country is a monarchy, with King Salman as the current ruler.
• The currency used in Saudi Arabia is the Saudi riyal.
• The literacy rate in Saudi Arabia is over 90%.
• The climate in Saudi Arabia is mostly desert, with extremely hot summers and mild winters.
• Saudi Arabia is the only country in the world that prohibits women from driving, but this law is set to change in 2018.
• The Kingdom Tower in Jeddah is set to be the world’s tallest building upon its completion.
• The Al Wahbah Crater in Saudi Arabia is a volcanic crater that is over 250 meters deep.
• Saudi Arabia has a diverse population, with a large expat community from countries all over the world.
• Traditional Saudi Arabian clothing for men is a thobe, and for women, it is an abaya.
• The camel is the national animal of Saudi Arabia.
• The Saudi Arabian national football team is nicknamed the “Green Falcons.”
• The country has a young population, with more than half of its citizens under the age of 30.
• Saudi Arabia is home to the world’s largest sand desert, the Rub’ al Khali.
• The Qasr Al-Farid tomb, located in the archaeological site of Madain Saleh, is one of the most impressive tombs in the country.
• Saudi Arabia has a rich cultural heritage, with traditional dances, music, and arts.
• The country has a strong Islamic influence on its culture and way of life.
• The Saudi Arabian government provides free education and healthcare to its citizens.
• The Red Sea is located to the west of Saudi Arabia and is home to some of the world’s most beautiful coral reefs.
• The country has a high standard of living, with a strong economy and low unemployment rates.
• Saudi Arabia is home to several UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including the Historic Jeddah and the Rock Art of the Hail Region.
• The national day of Saudi Arabia is celebrated on September 23rd each year.
• The King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture, located in Dhahran, is a state-of-the-art cultural center that showcases Saudi Arabia’s history and culture.
• Saudi Arabia is a founding member of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).
• The Al-Masjid an-Nabawi in Medina is one of the largest mosques in the world, with a capacity of up to 1 million worshippers.
• The country has a strict dress code, with women required to wear an abaya and cover their hair in public.
• Saudi Arabia is one of the fastest-growing tourist destinations in the world, with plans to attract 100 million visitors annually by 2030.